Inclusion Criteria:

In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:

• Subjects > 18 years and < 80 years of age
• a confirmed diagnosis of IBD or > 6 months post- RYGB, with a diagnosis USD event (renal colic with spontaneous stone passage, emergency room visits, or urological interventions) or have kidney stone on imaging (CT, MRI, or US) in the previous three years.
• We will include all racial and ethnic groups, and both men and women.

In order to be eligible in this study as a healthy control, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:

• Subjects > 18 years and < 80 years of age
• Healthy controls with no chronic diseases, not on any chronic medications, no history of GI pathology, or urinary stone disease (USD).
• We will include all racial and ethnic groups, and both men and women.

Exclusion Criteria:

An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:

• pregnant or nursing women and people with any medical, psychiatric, debilitating disease/disorder or social condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with or serve as a contraindication to adherence to the study protocol, ability to give ICF or complete the protocol.
• subjects with total and partial colectomy.
• subjects who received oral, intramuscular, or intravenous antibiotics within three months before screening.
• Patients with perianal disease usually receive recurrent antibiotics and, therefore, will be excluded from the study.
• patients with an ongoing symptomatic IBD flare or a flare within the previous three months
• patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 calculated by the CKD-EPI equation measured anytime within the preceding year.

An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study as a healthy control:

• pregnant or nursing women and people with any medical, psychiatric, debilitating disease/disorder or social condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with or serve as a contraindication to adherence to the study protocol, ability to give ICF or complete the protocol.
• subjects with total and partial colectomy.
• subjects who received oral, intramuscular, or intravenous antibiotics within three months before screening.
• Patients with perianal disease usually receive recurrent antibiotics and, therefore, will be excluded from the study.
• patients with an ongoing symptomatic IBD flare or a flare within the previous three months
• patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 calculated by the CKD-EPI equation measured anytime within the preceding year.