Inclusion Criteria:

Age 14 years or older. Subjects who are visiting the Gastroenterology Department of Xijing Hospital and will undergo liver function tests on the same day. The disease spectrum of the subjects mainly includes pancreatitis, pancreatic tumors, hepatobiliary stones, biliary tumors, and colonic polyps.

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects with diseases that may cause abnormal changes in scleral color, such as glaucoma, Wilson's disease, pterygium, or scleritis.

Subjects who have recently consumed a large amount of carotenoid-rich foods (such as oranges or carrots).

Subjects who are unable to provide informed consent.

Elimination Criteria:

Subjects with incomplete scleral exposure due to limited eye movement or excessive tension during external eye examination.

Subjects who are unable to understand the instructions for eye rotation during scleral examination or are unable to cooperate due to reasons such as poor hearing.