Inclusion Criteria:

1. Signed written informed consent；
2. Age ≥18；
3. Patients with confirmed or suspected clear cell renal cell carcinoma;
4. Expected survival ≥6 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Renal mass is known to be a metastasis of another primary tumor;
2. Have other malignancies that require treatment;
3. Have received chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy within 4 weeks;
4. Renal insufficiency with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m²;
5. Pregnant and lactating women or female patients plan to become pregnant within 6 months;
6. Uncontrolled psychiatric disorders;
7. Vulnerable population (e.g., being in detention) or have a serious non-malignant disease (e.g., infectious disease, autoimmune disease, or metabolic disease).