Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age: 50-85 years old
2. Meet the core clinical criteria of NIA-AA for possible Alzheimer's disease dementia, and PET or cerebrospinal fluid markers show elevated p-tau and decreased A β (1-42)
3. MMSE score ranges from 18-26 points; CDR score 0.5-1 points
4. The patient has received treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI), NMDA receptor antagonists, or mannequine therapy, and the current dosing regimen has remained stable for the 12 weeks prior to baseline assessment
5. At least one adult caregiver
6. The patient or legal guardian voluntarily signs the informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Neurodegenerative disorders other than AD.

2. Significant intracranial focal or vascular pathology seen on brain MRI scan

3. History of seizure (with the exception of febrile seizures in childhood)

4. Any of the following psychotic disorders (DSM IV-TR criteria):

   • Major depressive disorder (current)
   • Schizophrenia
   • Other psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder, or substance related disorders (within the past 5 years)

5. GDS score ≥ 8 points in baseline assessment

6. Cerebrovascular disease, severe infection, malignant tumor, or severe dysfunction of organs such as heart, liver, and kidney.

7. Pregnant or lactating women

8. Contraindications for TMS or MRI, metal or implanted devices in the body (such as pacemakers, deep brain stimulators).

9. Participate in AD related clinical trials within 6 months prior to research registration