Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of axSpA by a consultant rheumatologist
• Age=/>18 years old
• Without other significant cardiovascular comorbidities
• Receiving stable dose biologic treatment
• Able to commit to the time demands of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unable to undertake exercise due to physical or psychological barriers
• Presence of hip or peripheral joint disease
• Contraindication to exercise training (American College of Sports Medicine guidelines)
• Excessively active (score of high on IPAQ)
• Unable to communicate sufficiently in English
• Female participants who are pregnant, lactating, or planning pregnancy during the course of the study.
• Inability to give informed consent or comply with testing and training protocol for any reason.
• Presence of chronic anaemia (haemoglobin less than 13.5 g/dL for men; less than 12.0 g/dL for women; or haematocrit less than 41.0% in men, less than 36.0% in women.
• Co-morbidity that the research team determine to be a contraindication to involvement

Inclusion and exclusion criteria of healthy controls:

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged between 18 years old and 65 years old
• Not taking any long-term medication that affects inflammation or immune-mediated inflammation.
• Free from infection or infection symptoms

Exclusion criteria:

The participant may not enter the study if ANY of the following apply:

• Unable to undertake exercise due to physical or psychological barriers
• Excessively active (score of high on IPAQ)
• Unable to communicate sufficiently in English
• Female participants who are pregnant, lactating, or planning pregnancy during the course of the study.
• Inability to give informed consent or comply with testing and training protocol for any reason.
• Have been diagnosed with or are aware of at least one of the following health issues:
• Immune system disorder
• Cardiovascular and/or cardiometabolic diseases, including but not limited to high blood pressure, high triglycerides and/or cholesterol levels, diabetes mellitus, etc.
• Any chronic health condition that affects one's ability to partake in physical activity
• Musculoskeletal injury that affects one's ability to partake in physical activity