Inclusion Criteria:

• age exceeding 18 years,
• Clinical diagnosis of Acute Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding ,
• patients who underwent endoscopy within 24 hours of admission with confirmation of non-variceal bleeding

Exclusion Criteria:

• Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding during hospitalization;
• transfer from other hospitals;
• variceal bleeding;
• lower gastrointestinal bleeding.;
• bleeding attributed to systemic diseases like disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and hematological disorders;
• patients with incomplete clinical data or laboratory test results;
• patients who either requested early discharge or declined gastroscopy.