Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥18 years and ≤90 years;
• Clinical diagnosis of primary varicose veins of the lower extremities, CEAP clinical classification C2-C6, requiring treatment of the great and/or small saphenous vein segments, and at least 1 of the clinical symptoms of swelling, pain, burning sensation, heaviness, easy fatigue, itchy skin, and night cramps;
• Valve insufficiency of the great saphenous vein, small saphenous vein, or transport vein;
• Doppler ultrasound confirmation of a saphenous vein diameter greater than 3 mm and less than 12 mm in the standing position;
• Only one limb per patient was selected for inclusion in the study;
• Patients signed an informed consent form and were willing to co-operate in completing the protocol-specified investigations and follow-up visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Thrombosis of the great saphenous or small saphenous vein, or combined deep vein thrombosis, or previous history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
• Recurrent varicose veins after previous treatment.
• Severe distortion of the great saphenous vein with anticipated catheter failure.
• Severe lower limb ischaemia (CLI) (ABPI <0.8).
• Known allergy to medications and device materials involved in the study.
• Pre-existing implanted pacemaker, defibrillator, currently on regular anticoagulation therapy (e.g., warfarin, heparin).
• Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Unable or unwilling to complete the questionnaire.
• Participating in a study of another drug or device.
• Life expectancy <1 year.
• Those undergoing treatment for skin malignancies other than non-melanoma.
• Daily use of narcotic drugs or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to control pain due to venous disease.
• In the judgement of the investigator, endovenous therapy is not appropriate.