Inclusion criteria:

1. Confirmed anhydramnios before 22 weeks GA for patients with FRF.
2. Consent is signed and first therapeutic amnioinfusion can and does occur before 28 weeks and 6/7 days GA.
3. Confirmation that the expectant mother understands her options for management of the pregnancy.
4. Age ≥18 years of age.
5. Willingness to be followed by the Fetal Care Center at Dallas and deliver at Medical City Dallas.
6. Willingness for postnatal care to be performed at Medical City Dallas Hospital/the Fetal Care Center until maternal discharge.
7. Consults with Pediatric Nephrology, Neonatology, Transplant Surgery, Pediatric surgery, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist, and a Genetic Counselor.

Exclusion criteria:

1. Cervix less than 2.5 cm in length.
2. No fatal findings on Karyotype (e.g trisomy 13, or 18) or Microarray fatal findings excluding those that are related to pulmonary hypoplasia due to fetal renal failure (e.g. Meckel-Gruber, PCKD).
3. Other significant congenital anomalies in the fetus.
4. Evidence of chorioamnionitis or abruptio placentae.
5. Evidence of rupture of membranes or chorionic-amniotic separation.
6. Evidence of preterm labor.
7. Multiple gestation.
8. Severe maternal medical condition in pregnancy.
9. Clinically diagnosed maternal depression, psychoses, or anxiety that are refractory to treatment.
10. Technical limitations precluding amnioinfusion.