Inclusion Criteria:

1. Participants aged 45 years or older
2. Participants who are willing and able to provide written informed consent and adhere to study procedures
3. Participants presenting with visible and/or non-visible haematuria within 6 months prior to study enrollment
4. Participants scheduled to undergo standard of care cystoscopy for urinary bladder examination within 60 days after study enrollment
5. Participants who are able to produce at least 10 ml of voided urine

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Participants with history of urothelial cancer in the bladder and/or upper urinary tract
2. Participants who had prior cystoscopy for haematuria within the past 2 years
3. Participants previously enrolled in this study
4. Participants treated for prostate cancer within the last 12 months
5. Participants treated for kidney cancer within the last 12 months
6. Participants with untreated urinary tract infection
7. Participants with symptomatic urinary tract stones (e.g. flank pain)
8. Participants on dialysis for end stage renal failure
9. Participants with a long term urinary catheter
10. Pregnancy (self-reported)
11. Participants who, because of medical status, or frailty is not expected to be able to complete the full diagnostic pathway