Male patients:

• Male patients aged 20 to 50 years.
• Diagnosed with testicular failure (low testosterone) or hypogonadism (impaired gonadal function), or azoospermia (no sperm in ejaculate)
• Suboptimal response to conventional treatments, such as testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or fertility-enhancing medications (Clomiphene citrate or anastrozole).
• General good health without significant contraindications to stem cell or stem cell-derived exosome therapy.
• Willing and able to provide informed consent and comply with the study protocol.
• Patients who have been evaluated for testicular failure and are seeking further treatment.

Female patients:

• Female patients aged 20 to 50 years.
• Diagnosed with premature ovarian failure (POF) or ovarian insufficiency, confirmed through clinical, hormonal, and imaging assessments.
• Failure or suboptimal response to conventional treatments, such as hormone therapy.
• General good health without significant contraindications to stem cell or stem cell-derived exosome therapy.
• Willing and able to provide informed consent and comply with the study protocol.
• Patients who have been evaluated for ovarian failure are seeking further treatment.

Exclusion criteria

• Severe comorbid conditions, such as advanced cardiovascular disease, renal failure, or uncontrolled diabetes.
• Active malignancies or history of cancer within the past 5 years.
• Active infections or systemic inflammatory conditions.
• History of testicular surgery or trauma that could interfere with the study outcomes.
• Use of anticoagulants or medications that may contraindicate stem cell or stem cell-derived exosome therapy.
• Participation in another investigational drug or treatment study within the past 6 months.
• Contraindications to stem cell or stem cell-derived exosome therapy, such as immune deficiencies or allergies to any treatment components.
• Severe neurological disorders or cognitive impairment may limit the ability to provide informed consent or follow study instructions.
• Any condition that, in the investigator's opinion, could interfere with the study or pose an undue risk to the patient.
• Women with a primary diagnosis of psychogenic ovarian dysfunction or infertility.
• History of ovarian surgery or trauma that could interfere with the study outcomes.