Inclusion Criteria:

Healthy volunteers:

1. Healthy subjects with no history of lumbar spine disease, aged 20 to 60.
2. No obvious lumbar spine pain or previous diagnosis of lumbar spine-related disease.
3. Willing to participate in the study and have signed an informed consent form.

Patients:

1. Aged 20 to 60 years.
2. Diagnosed with L4-L5 lumbar disc herniation by CT or MRI.
3. Stable vital signs, no serious systemic diseases, and no complications.
4. Willing to accept manipulation as a test subject.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Lumbar vertebrae fracture or dislocation.
2. Lumbar spine or lumbar soft tissue tumor, tuberculosis.
3. Lumbar spine fusion, paravertebral bone bridges, or severe osteoporosis.
4. History of lumbar spine surgery.
5. History of serious lumbar trauma.
6. Lumbar skin inflammation, skin breaks, or other skin conditions.
7. Serious primary diseases of the cardiac, hepatic, renal, or hematopoietic systems; psychiatric patients.
8. Extreme frailty or pregnancy.
9. Participation in other manipulative therapies that may interfere with the study.
10. Intolerable adverse reactions.