Inclusion Criteria01:

1. Voluntary participation and ability to sign informed consent (post-TACE);
2. Age between 18 and 75 years;
3. Diagnosed as HCC based on pathology or clinical criteria, with a BCLC stage of A or B;
4. Patients undergo contrast-enhanced spectral CT 4-8 weeks after treatment and are assessed as complete response on conventional CT images;
5. Patients are scheduled to undergo surgical resection within one month, or DSA hepatic arteriography or contrast-enhanced MRI within one week. If none of these were planned, the patients were scheduled for imaging follow-up (CT or MRI) every 3 months (±15 days) for at least one year.

Inclusion Criteria02:

1. Voluntary participation and ability to sign informed consent (post-TACE, cTACE or DEB-TACE);
2. Age between 18 and 75 years;
3. Diagnosed as HCC based on pathology or clinical criteria, with a BCLC stage of A or B;
4. Patients plan to undergo liver tumor resection following TACE downstaging therapy;
5. Contrast-enhanced spectral CT was performed within 7 days before liver resection, after completion of TACE down-staging treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Contraindications to contrast-enhanced CT or contrast-enhanced MRI;
2. Presence of extrahepatic malignancies;
3. History of radiotherapy;
4. Poor image quality or incomplete clinical/imaging data; Withdrawal from the study midway.