The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans: a meta-analysis.
Jessica J Fulton, Patrick S Calhoun, H Ryan Wagner...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25768399/Actively Recruiting
Led by Wayne State University · Updated on 2026-01-29
40
Participants Needed
1
Research Sites
30 weeks
Total Duration
This research aims to evaluate how augmented reality exposure therapy ARET might enhance traditional exposure therapy ET for U.S. military personnel diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD. The study focuses on comparing clinical and psychosocial outcomes as well as treatment acceptance and satisfaction between veterans and active-duty members who receive ARET combined with traditional ET versus those who receive traditional ET alone. The trial involves 40 adult participants, both male and female, all with a current PTSD diagnosis and military service history. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups one group will receive 10 sessions of traditional ET over 5 to 10 weeks, delivered in 60-minute sessions two to three times per week the other group will receive 10 sessions of in-person ARET plus traditional ET as needed. The ARET group wears augmented reality goggles during therapy, engaging with virtual social scenarios like crowded gatherings and grocery stores, while therapists guide exposure using the ExpandXR system. Patients who meet specific improvement criteria after ARET may end treatment early, while others continue with additional traditional ET sessions. Both groups are encouraged to practice real-life exposure assignments between sessions. Throughout the trial, participants will attend therapy sessions and be assessed using various measures, including the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale-5 Revised CAPS-5 R, PTSD Checklist PCL5, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and other questionnaires evaluating social functioning and avoidance behaviors. The study tracks symptom changes immediately after treatment, and at 3 and 6 months post-treatment. Researchers will monitor treatment adherence, participant distress levels during exposure, and overall treatment satisfaction. The entire participation period spans the duration of the therapy sessions and follow-up assessments.
CONDITIONS
Advanced Wireless Augmented Reality-Enhanced Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
A
Arash Javanbakht, MD
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Wayne State University
Lead Sponsor
Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center
Collaborating Sponsor
This table compares participation in this trial with other options available for this condition. The information is drawn from published research and the trial’s study details and is provided for educational purposes only.
| Factors | Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy (ARET) with Traditional ET for Nonresponders | Traditional Exposure Therapy (ET) |
|---|---|---|
| What it is | Participants receive up to 10 sessions of clinician-guided augmented reality (AR) exposure therapy using AR goggles and real-life virtual scenarios. If they do not respond, they transition to a course of standard exposure therapy identical to the ET arm. | Weekly in-person behavioral therapy where a licensed clinician guides participants through structured exposure to trauma-related memories, education about PTSD, in vivo exercises, and relapse prevention over 10 sessions. |
| Role in the trial | Investigational arm: tests if adding AR exposure for 10 sessions (with backup ET if no response) improves social and trauma symptoms compared to ET alone. | Active comparator: established exposure therapy method for adult military veterans with PTSD. |
| Primary use or intent | To determine if AR technology can enhance exposure therapy for PTSD by increasing engagement or effectiveness, with standard ET for nonresponders. | To reduce PTSD symptoms through repeated, structured, clinician-led exposures and support strategies. |
| How it is given or performed | Up to 10 weekly sessions of AR-assisted exposure therapy with virtual scenarios and clinician guidance using AR goggles. Homework involves real-life exposure. Those not responding receive 10 sessions of standard ET (same as ET arm). | Ten weekly in-person sessions led by a clinician: 2 sessions focus on trauma education, 7 on imaginal and in vivo exposure, plus homework exercises. Last session covers relapse prevention and planning. |
| Evidence status or maturity | Pilot studies suggest that AR-enhanced exposure therapy may improve real-life contextualization and patient engagement. However, evidence is still preliminary, and larger trials are underway to establish benefits over traditional ET. | Multiple studies and clinical guidelines support ET as an effective treatment for PTSD, including among US veterans. Dropout rates and real-world challenges have been reported but ET remains the first-line therapy. |
| Important limitations or uncertainties | Limited data exist on AR-enhanced exposure therapy in PTSD. Usability, acceptability, and long-term benefit in broader clinical settings have not yet been established; most published studies are small pilots. | Although effective, a notable proportion of patients drop out or do not respond fully. Challenges with engagement, fear, and practical barriers are well-described in real-world implementation. |
Disclaimer: This comparison is created with the help of artificial intelligence(AI) and may contain errors or missing information. It is not medical advice and does not mean one option is better or safer than another. Clinical trials are still being studied, and joining a trial is your choice. Please consult your healthcare professional before making any decisions.
You may qualify if you...
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Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
1 visit (in-person or via telephone)
Duration - 5 to 20 weeks depending on response to treatment
Participants receive 10 sessions of exposure therapy over 5 to 10 weeks, with 2 to 3 sessions per week and weekends off. One group receives traditional exposure therapy alone, and the other group receives augmented reality-enhanced exposure therapy (ARET). Participants in the ARET group wear augmented reality goggles during sessions and engage in interactive scenarios. Those in the ARET group who do not show sufficient improvement after 10 sessions continue with 10 additional sessions of traditional exposure therapy.
2 to 3 sessions per week (in-person or via home telehealth), up to 20 sessions
Duration - 6 months post treatment
Participants are assessed for changes in PTSD symptoms and social functioning at 3 and 6 months after completing their treatment sessions.
2 follow-up visits (in-person or remote) at 3 and 6 months after last treatment session
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Masking
NONE
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Model
PARALLEL
Primary Purpose
TREATMENT
Number of Arms
2
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Lead Sponsor
Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center
Collaborating Sponsor