Studying Changes in Immune Cells and Blood Vessels in the Stomach to Understand Early Cancer Risks in Obesity during Bariatric Surgery

What this Trial Is About

Obesity is a widespread health concern affecting over a billion people globally and increasing the risk of serious conditions like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Research shows that the chronic low-level inflammation linked to obesity plays a key role in developing obesity-related cancers, including gastric cancer. This inflammation results from changes in fat tissue that attract immune cells like macrophages and mast cells, which create a pro-inflammatory environment by releasing various signaling molecules. This observational study examines changes in the stomach lining of obese patients, especially focusing on mast cells, macrophages, and the density of small blood vessels. It uses tissue samples collected from adults undergoing bariatric surgery called laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, as well as from lean patients having biopsies for other gastric conditions. Researchers analyze these tissues using immunohistochemistry and morphometric techniques to assess immune cell infiltration and blood vessel formation, which may help understand early cancer development linked to obesity. Participants will undergo preoperative evaluations including blood tests and assessments by a team of specialists before surgery or biopsy. The study measures immune cell presence and vessel density in the gastric tissue samples as primary outcomes. Researchers aim to clarify the immunopathological changes in the gastric mucosa before any overt cancer appears. The studys duration and follow-up details are based on the timing of tissue collection and evaluations, with no long-term treatment interventions involved.

Alterations in Mast Cell and Macrophage Infiltration, as Well as Micro Vessel Density