Biochemical, 2D and 3D Ultrasonographic Predictors of Pregnancy Outcome in Women With Threatened Abortion A Prospective Cohort Study

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 19 -39 years
• BMI 18-25 kg/m2
• Singleton pregnancy between 6 to 11 gestational weeks of pregnancy.
• First trimester threatened abortion is usually diagnosed in women with history of vaginal bleeding or spotting and/or abdominal pain in whom a live embryo can visualized on scan
• Gestational age (GA) calculated by the last menstrual period date (LMP) in women with sure dates and regular menstrual cycles and confirmed by transvaginal sonography performed up to the 11th gestational week, using the crown-rump length

Exclusion Criteria:

• Uterine malformations or pathology as submucous myoma
• Cervical abnormalities as polypi or severe chronic cervicitis
• Chronic medical conditions as uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension
• Smoking or drug abuse during this pregnancy
• Pregnancies resulting from infertility treatments and assisted reproductive techniques.
• Women with exogenous progesterone support
• Use of abortion induction drugs\
• First trimester vaginal bleeding or spotting and/or abdominal pain and diagnosed by ultrasound as missed (absence of cardiac activity within fetal pole), incomplete (endometrial thickness between 5 to 15 mm), complete (thin and regular endometrium), anembryonic (gestational sac without a detectable fetal pole) and ectopic (+ve pregnancy test with empty gestational sac