Functional recovery measures for spinal cord injury: an evidence-based review for clinical practice and research.
Kim Anderson, Sergio Aito, Michal Atkins...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18581660/Actively Recruiting
Led by Shirley Ryan AbilityLab · Updated on 2026-05-05
60
Participants Needed
1
Research Sites
26 weeks
Total Duration
Researchers are evaluating a new way to measure how assistive technologies ATs and brain-computer interfaces BCIs help people with severe motor impairments operate digital devices like computers and phones. This study aims to create a standardized Digital Assessment Interface DAI that simulates important online and digital tasks. The goal is to develop an index that combines performance, clinician-reported, and patient-reported outcomes to compare and quantify the real-world benefits of different ATs and BCIs across various user groups, including those with spinal cord injury SCI, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS, and healthy individuals. Participants will use several assistive devices, including eye trackers, mouth-operated joysticks, non-invasive EEG headsets, implantable BCIs, voice control systems, and their personal assistive technologies. Training sessions involve practicing digital tasks such as clicking, typing, scrolling, and drawing through a customized Digital Training Interface. The study includes multiple sessions both in-clinic and at home, with rest periods to ensure comfort and skill retention. Participants experience the devices in a randomized order to assess their functional performance comprehensively. During the study, participants will complete various assessments including performance outcomes on the DAI, questionnaires on task load and system usability from both participant and clinician perspectives, and psychosocial impact surveys. Additional evaluations include neurological classifications, functional rating scales, cognitive assessments, and quality of life measures. These outcomes will be measured at every visit through study completion. The involvement typically lasts about three hours per session, with breaks as needed, and the study will continue until June 2027, aiming to ensure reliable and valid measurement of digital independence for users of assistive technologies and BCIs.
CONDITIONS
Clinical Outcome Assessment for AT & BCI
A
Arun Jayaraman, PT, PhD
R
Richa Rai, PhD
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Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
Lead Sponsor
Neuralink Corp
Collaborating Sponsor
This table compares participation in this trial with other options available for this condition. The information is drawn from published research and the trial’s study details and is provided for educational purposes only.
| Factors | Eye Tracker training | Mouth‑operated joystick training | EEG headset training | Implantable BCI training | Personal assistive technology training | Voice Control training |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What it is | Training using an eye‑tracking device within a digital interface to practice motor primitives | Training using a mouth‑operated joystick via the digital interface | Training using a non‑invasive EEG headset to practice motor actions | Training using an implantable brain‑computer interface for participants already using the implant | Training using the participant’s own personal assistive device | Training using voice control within the digital interface |
| Role in the trial | One of several assistive technology modalities evaluated sequentially | One of several assistive technology modalities evaluated sequentially | One of several assistive technology modalities evaluated sequentially | One of several assistive technology modalities evaluated sequentially in implanted participants | One of several assistive technology modalities evaluated sequentially using familiar device | One of several assistive technology modalities evaluated sequentially |
| Primary use | To practice clicking, typing, scrolling, drawing using eye‑gaze control | To practice digital interaction through mouth‑operated joystick | To practice digital interaction through EEG‑based control | To practice digital interaction using an implanted BCI control | To practice digital interaction using personal assistive technology device | To practice digital interaction using voice commands |
| How it is given or performed | Two 40‑minute sessions with orientation, calibration, guided tutorial then eight practice levels | Two 40‑minute sessions with orientation, calibration, guided tutorial then eight practice levels | Two 40‑minute sessions with orientation, calibration, guided tutorial then eight practice levels | One 40‑minute session with setup, calibration, guided tutorial then eight practice levels | One 40‑minute session with setup, guided tutorial then eight practice levels | Two 40‑minute sessions with orientation, guided tutorial then eight practice levels |
| Evidence status | Assistive digital interfaces using eye tracking are commonly used in ALS and SCI care for communication access | Alternative access methods like mouth‑controlled joysticks are recognized assistive options though less commonly studied | EEG‑based control systems are under investigation as assistive communication tools in advanced paralysis | Implantable BCIs show promise in enabling communication in advanced ALS but evidence is preliminary and based on small samples | Using familiar assistive devices may improve user comfort and performance, though study data is limited | Voice control is an established assistive access method but may be less viable as speech declines in ALS |
| Important limitations | Eye tracking may be affected by fatigue, need for calibration, and ocular impairments | Limited evidence base and may require mechanical control that can be difficult with fatigue | EEG‑based systems may require complex setup and have variable accuracy | Implantable BCIs are invasive and long‑term feasibility and safety remain uncertain | Familiar devices may not match training interface design and generalizability may be limited | Voice control becomes less effective as speech clarity declines |
Disclaimer: This comparison is created with the help of artificial intelligence(AI) and may contain errors or missing information. It is not medical advice and does not mean one option is better or safer than another. Clinical trials are still being studied, and joining a trial is your choice. Please consult your healthcare professional before making any decisions.
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Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
1 visit (in-person)
Duration - Several days depending on device training schedule
Participants receive training sessions using various assistive technology and brain-computer interface devices. Training includes orientation, calibration, and guided tutorials with practice levels to improve digital activity control. Sessions occur both in-clinic and at home on separate days, with rest periods to ensure skill retention. Some devices require two 40-minute sessions, while familiar devices or implanted BCI require one 40-minute session.
Multiple visits including in-clinic and at-home sessions
Duration - Up to study completion (approximately 1 to 2 years)
Throughout the trial, participants complete performance assessments and questionnaires after each device training session to evaluate usability, task load, and psychosocial impact.
Visits after each training session for assessments
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Masking
NONE
Allocation
NA
Model
CROSSOVER
Primary Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Number of Arms
1
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36353265/Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
Lead Sponsor
Neuralink Corp
Collaborating Sponsor