An Open-label, Multinational, Multicentre, Randomised Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Utility of Fully Closed-loop Insulin Delivery Compared to Standard Insulin Therapy with CGM in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Led by University of Cambridge · Updated on 2026-03-13
224
Participants Needed
12
Research Sites
17 weeks
Total Duration
On this page
AI-Summary
Brief Title
Who Can Participate
AI-Screening
Your Study Journey
Trial Site Locations
Research Team
How is the study designed?
Similar Trials
Frequently Asked Questions
Research Publications
Sponsors
U
University of Cambridge
Lead Sponsor
U
University of Edinburgh
Collaborating Sponsor
AI-Summary
What this Trial Is About
Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness, safety, and usefulness of a fully closed-loop insulin delivery system in adults with type 2 diabetes who use insulin. This study builds on previous research involving closed-loop systems for diabetes management in both hospital and home settings. The trial is open-label, multi-national, and randomized, comparing fully closed-loop insulin delivery to standard insulin therapy with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) over 26 weeks.
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: one using the fully closed-loop system, which includes an insulin pump, glucose sensor, and a smartphone app with a control algorithm; the other continuing their usual insulin therapy with a glucose sensor. Both groups will use their assigned treatments at home for 26 weeks following a 2-3 week run-in period with their usual therapy and masked CGM. Training and support will be provided for using study devices, and assessments will take place at 3 months and at the end of the study.
During the study, participants will have regular evaluations including blood tests for HbA1c, lipid profiles, kidney and liver function, and measurements of weight, waist-hip ratio, and blood pressure. Glucose control will be monitored continuously by CGM, and human factors such as device use and participant experiences will be assessed through questionnaires and interviews. Safety monitoring will track adverse events, including episodes of severe low blood sugar. The total study duration for each participant is up to 30 weeks.
CONDITIONS
Brief Title
Closed-loop in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Who Can Participate
Age: 18Years +
All Genders
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if you...
Aged 18 years and older
Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 12 months
Established on an SGLT2 inhibitor and/or GLP-1 receptor agonist for at least 3 months, or previously offered these therapies
Treated with insulin therapy for at least 6 months
HbA1c less than or equal to 15% (140 mmol/mol) from a local laboratory or equivalent
Willing to wear study devices and follow study instructions
Able to consent to participate in the study
You will not qualify if you...
Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
Currently using an insulin pump
Currently using any closed-loop insulin delivery system
Any physical or psychological condition or medication likely to interfere with the study or results, as judged by the study clinician
Known or suspected allergy to insulin
Medically documented allergy to adhesive
Pregnancy, planned pregnancy, or breastfeeding
Severe visual impairment
Severe hearing impairment
Serious skin diseases at sites used for glucose sensor placement
Abuse of illicit drugs, prescription drugs, or alcohol
AI-Screening
AI-Powered Screening
Complete this quick 3-step screening to check your eligibility
1
2
3
Your Study Journey
Screening
Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
1 visit (in-person)
Baseline Assessment and Run-in Period
Duration - 2 to 3 weeks
Participants undergo baseline evaluation including medical history, physical measurements, blood and urine tests, questionnaires, and wear a masked glucose sensor while using their usual insulin therapy during the run-in period to assess baseline glucose control.
1 visit for baseline assessment and monitoring during run-in period
Treatment
Duration - 26 weeks
Participants are randomised to either use the fully closed-loop insulin delivery system or continue their standard insulin therapy with a glucose sensor. Participants receive training on their assigned intervention and use it at home for 26 weeks.
1 training visit and regular use at home with scheduled study visits
3 Month Study Visit
Duration - 1 day
Participants return for measurements of weight, waist hip ratio, blood pressure, blood tests, review of device data, and questionnaires.
1 in-person visit at 3 months
End of Study Assessments
Duration - 1 day
Final measurements including physical assessments, blood and urine tests, questionnaires, interviews for some participants, return of study devices, and resumption of usual insulin therapy and glucose monitoring.
1 in-person visit at study end
Trial Site Locations
Total: 12 locations
1
University of Melbourne
Melbourne, Australia
Not Yet Recruiting
2
Medical University of Graz
Graz, Austria
Not Yet Recruiting
3
Diabetes Centre, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Prague, Czechia
Not Yet Recruiting
4
CHU de Toulouse
Toulouse, France
Not Yet Recruiting
5
Bern University Hospital
Bern, Switzerland
Not Yet Recruiting
6
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Actively Recruiting
7
Royal Derby Hospital
Derby, United Kingdom
Not Yet Recruiting
8
Leicester Diabetes Centre
Leicester, United Kingdom
Actively Recruiting
9
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
London, United Kingdom
Actively Recruiting
10
King's College Hospital, King's College NHS Foundation Trust
London, United Kingdom
Actively Recruiting
11
Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Assessing the efficacy, safety and utility of fully closed-loop insulin delivery compared to standard insulin therapy with a continuous glucose monitor in adults with type 2 diabetes (COYOTE study): a randomised parallel study protocol.