Gynecomastia

Researchers are evaluating the diagnostic performance of two PET tracers, 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI-46, in female patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. This pilot study focuses on patients with locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic breast cancer and aims to determine if 68Ga-FAPI-46 detects more lesions than 18F-FDG, potentially leading to more accurate staging and treatment decisions. The study is sponsored by Maastricht University Medical Center and is conducted as a Phase 2 interventional trial. All participants will undergo an additional 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT and PET/MRI scan before starting breast cancer treatment. These imaging exams will be performed within 20 working days from diagnosis and alongside the standard 18F-FDG PET/CT or PET/MRI scans. The study focuses on comparing these two diagnostic tracers' accuracy in detecting cancer lesions in ER+ breast cancer patients. Participants will be followed from diagnosis until both PET exams are completed. The researchers will collect data to help calculate sample size for future studies and explore the feasibility of taking biopsies from lesions identified by the new tracer. Safety and ability to complete imaging procedures will be monitored. The total participation duration covers the time needed to conduct both imaging exams and any related assessments.

Researchers are investigating whether touch sensation can be restored to the breast after mastectomy using neural stimulation. This trial aims to gather information to guide future studies on the safety, effectiveness, and acceptability of this approach. The study focuses on women undergoing bilateral mastectomy with two-stage reconstruction for certain types of breast cancer or breast cancer risk reduction. Participants will receive a small medical device called the Bionic Breast implant, temporarily placed in one breast during the mastectomy. This device sends tiny electrical currents to nerves to create sensory stimulation in response to touch or pressure. The device will later be removed, and the study will assess the sensations produced by the stimulation. During the study, participants will complete psychophysical tasks seven months after mastectomy, implantation, and device removal to evaluate sensation and stimulation levels. Researchers will measure outcomes such as stimulation intensity, ability to distinguish different stimuli, and mapping of sensation areas. Participants will be monitored throughout for safety and adherence, with the total study duration spanning several months post-surgery.

Researchers are evaluating a new approach to eliminate minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) that remains after multiple treatments. This aggressive cancer type often leads to lethal metastatic disease within 2 years, especially in patients without a complete tumor response after initial chemotherapy. The study aims to improve survival and cure rates by addressing residual cancer cells despite surgery and chemotherapy. The study has two phases. Phase I involves patients with metastatic TNBC or hormone-resistant, HER2/neu-negative breast cancer receiving escalating doses of sarilumab combined with capecitabine chemotherapy. Sarilumab is given subcutaneously every 3 weeks alongside capecitabine taken twice daily for 14 days in 21-day cycles. Phase II includes patients with stage I to III TNBC with residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy, treated with a combination of sarilumab and capecitabine compared to historical controls receiving capecitabine alone. A parallel baseline arm receives standard capecitabine alone. Blood samples and optional bone marrow samples are collected during treatment. Participants will be monitored through blood tests and other evaluations during treatment cycles lasting up to 14 weeks. Researchers will assess the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities in Phase I and measure changes in circulating and disseminated tumor cells in Phase II. The study does not include masking or randomization. Participants must meet specific health and organ function criteria and agree to contraception requirements if applicable. The total study duration varies by participant, with safety and response closely observed throughout.

Researchers are examining why people have different risks and outcomes for breast cancer and related breast diseases. This observational study focuses on a diverse population in South Florida, aiming to better understand both genomic and non-genomic factors that affect breast cancer risk and outcomes. The study is led by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and includes men and women aged 18 years and older who visit breast radiology clinics for biopsy or as new breast patients. Participants will undergo blood collection at the start and during surgery when applicable, as well as tissue collection during surgery if possible. They will also complete surveys at baseline, after surgery, and at 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up. The study involves participants with BIRADS scores from 0 to 5 and follows their clinical characteristics over up to five years. Throughout the study, participants will provide clinical information through surveys and biological samples to help researchers track their health outcomes. The main outcome measured is the clinical characteristics of participants obtained via surveys over five years. The study provides long-term monitoring of participants' breast health, with no intervention treatments involved, and aims to collect comprehensive data to understand breast cancer risks better.

Researchers are studying the effects of local treatment on health and daily life in people with early-stage breast cancer in China. The focus is on those with stage I to III invasive breast cancer receiving surgery and other therapies before or after surgery. The study aims to understand both short- and long-term physical, emotional, and social effects of treatment, including tiredness, sleep problems, emotional distress, pain, and changes in heart or lung function, to improve recovery and quality of life. Participants will receive local therapy with curative intent, which may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, or targeted therapy given before or after surgery. This observational study involves no experimental treatment. At the start, participants undergo clinical assessments, including heart and lung tests, lab work, and collection of blood and tissue samples. They also complete questionnaires about symptoms and well-being at multiple time points over five years. During the study, participants will complete surveys about their physical symptoms, emotional health, and quality of life at baseline, one week, one month, three months, six months, one year, and then annually up to five years. Researchers will monitor treatment-related toxicities and quality of life changes through these patient-reported outcomes. The study uses electronic data collection with quality checks to ensure accurate and consistent information for analysis and future research.

Researchers are evaluating the use of Targeted Sentinel Node Biopsy (TSNB) in patients with breast cancer who have limited nodal disease and are undergoing primary surgery. The study focuses on patients with T1 or T2 tumors and biopsy-confirmed nodal metastases with up to two abnormal nodes on axillary ultrasound. The goal is to audit surgical outcomes of TSNB and compare them with outcomes from sentinel node biopsy and targeted axillary dissection after chemotherapy, assessing arm lymphoedema and disease progression over time. The intervention involves performing TSNB using either a dual- or single-tracer technique in line with protocols from the ongoing ATNEC trial. The marked biopsy-positive node and at least three nodes are removed during surgery. Node marking techniques may include clips, black dye, magnetic seeds, or reflectors, with the timing of marking either at biopsy or a separate visit. Axillary treatment after TSNB is determined by local multidisciplinary teams based on findings. Participants will be monitored for up to 60 months, with regular assessments including histology to identify nodal macrometastases, identification rates of the marked node, false negative rates of TSNB, and arm lymphoedema. Secondary outcomes include rates of axillary, regional, and local recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival. This long-term follow-up will help benchmark TSNB outcomes against previous trials and provide data on surgical morbidity and disease control.

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness of a custom 3-dimensional ultrasound device designed to image breast pathology compared to the commercial InveniaTM ABUS system by GE Medical. This study focuses on females scheduled for mammography and ultrasound assessments to see how well the new 3D ultrasound device can visualize tumors and important breast features. Participants will undergo routine 2D ultrasound imaging as part of their clinical care, and during the study, additional 3D ultrasound images will be acquired using a specialized device developed by the ultrasound imaging laboratory at Western University. This custom device is used along with a clinical ultrasound machine to capture detailed three-dimensional volumes of the breast. During the study, participants will have both standard and research ultrasound imaging performed. Researchers will collect breast images over a 24-month period to compare the quality and detail of images from the custom device and the InveniaTM system. This process will help assess how well the new device identifies breast abnormalities and tumors. The total participation duration and monitoring details depend on the imaging schedule during this time.

Breast cancer is a common cancer in women worldwide, with distant metastasis being the main cause of poor outcomes and death. This research aims to develop a precise prediction system using multiple types of data, including digital pathology, immunohistochemistry, proteomics, and gene sequencing, combined with artificial intelligence. The goal is to predict distant and organ-specific metastasis in breast cancer and analyze the underlying mechanisms to support precision medicine. The study observes groups of female breast cancer patients categorized by metastatic risk (high, medium, low), specific organ metastasis sites (bone, lung, liver, brain), and a non-metastatic control group. No interventions or treatments are administered, as this is an observational study focusing on data collection and analysis. The prediction models will be developed and evaluated throughout the study period. Participants will provide clinical data and tissue specimens from primary or metastatic tumor sites stored at the hospital or participating centers. Researchers will track metastasis-free survival from diagnosis until December 30, 2028, and assess the performance of the prediction models at the study's end. The study involves ongoing monitoring of patient data to refine and validate the AI-based prediction system for breast cancer metastasis.

Researchers are conducting a single-center, retrospective observational study to develop a standardized benchmark system for evaluating intelligent breast ultrasound image interpretation. The study focuses on assessing the diagnostic accuracy of current mainstream multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) models in classifying breast ultrasound images according to the American College of Radiology (ACR) BI-RADS v2025 criteria. This research aims to address variability in ultrasound interpretation, especially for certain lesion categories, and to systematically evaluate AI performance using expert-annotated images. The study uses approximately 1,380 de-identified B-mode breast ultrasound images collected from an institutional archive and open-access datasets, covering normal breast tissue, benign lesions, and malignant lesions. Expert radiologists with varying experience levels will annotate all images independently. Baseline deep learning models (ResNet-50 and USFM) will establish performance baselines, and multiple multimodal large language models (MLLMs) will be evaluated using standardized chain-of-thought prompts through API calls. Safety assessments include out-of-distribution rejection testing and temperature-stability experiments. Participants are not directly involved as the study retrospectively analyzes existing images. Researchers will evaluate diagnostic accuracy, BI-RADS classification accuracy, agreement with expert consensus, and other performance metrics at study completion, approximately 12 months after starting. The study also monitors model robustness and safety through specific tests. The total study duration extends from March 2026 to March 2027.

Researchers are studying early breast development in girls aged 6 to 8 years, a phenomenon that has been increasing and is often without a clear medical cause. This trial aims to analyze many factors, including body fat, metabolism, exposure to endocrine disruptors, and epigenetic changes. The study also explores how environmental health measures might influence these factors and uses experimental models to test related biological hypotheses. The study involves two groups: girls aged 6 to 8 years with signs of breast development who are scheduled for pediatric day hospital care, and control girls of the same age without signs of puberty undergoing routine consultations or MRI scans for other reasons. Participants will have breast, ovary, uterus sizes, and abdominal fat measured by MRI at the start and after three months. Various biological and metabolic markers will be tested through blood, urine, and hair samples, and dental photographs will assess tooth mineralization. Participants will be followed over six months with measurements of growth, body mass index, and hormone levels at regular intervals. Assessments include MRI scans, bone age X-rays, and hormone tests at baseline, three months, and six months. The study monitors changes in breast development, fat distribution, and related biological markers to understand the impact of environmental factors and health measures on early puberty progression.