Strabismus

Researchers are studying transient diplopia, which is a brief episode of double vision, to understand its causes. This study focuses on distinguishing whether the diplopia is due to ischemic causes, which require urgent care, or other origins such as ophthalmological or non-ischemic neurological reasons. The goal is to develop a clinical score that helps doctors identify an ischemic cause quickly and accurately. Participants will undergo clinical, ophthalmological, and neurological evaluations. These include questionnaires about symptoms and vascular risk factors, brain imaging such as MRI and MRI angiography, heart monitoring with ECG and Holter, echocardiography, and various blood tests. Eye exams include visual field tests, optical coherence tomography, and retinography. The study observes adults who have experienced transient diplopia within the last 8 days. During the study, participants will be followed for 3 months to monitor the cause of their initial diplopia and any new ischemic events, including transient diplopia attacks, ischemic strokes, or transient ischemic attacks affecting vision or other functions. The main outcome is identifying whether the diplopia had an ischemic cause. Safety and ongoing health are monitored through these assessments over the follow-up period.

This research aims to compare two approaches for treating previously untreated amblyopia in children aged 3 to under 13 years. It evaluates whether using glasses and patching at the same time leads to similar improvements in vision as first using glasses alone, followed by patching only if needed. The trial focuses on children with amblyopia caused by differences in eye alignment or prescription errors. Children will be assigned randomly to one of two treatment groups: one group will wear glasses full-time and add patching for 2 hours daily only if there is no improvement after glasses alone; the other group will wear glasses and patch the weaker eye for 2 hours daily at the same time from the start. Vision tests will be done at baseline and follow-up visits every 8 weeks for up to 56 weeks. Participants will have their distance visual acuity measured with trial frames before and after getting their glasses to confirm eligibility. During the study, vision will be monitored to classify improvement or stability, guiding whether patching is needed in the sequential group. Outcomes include changes in vision clarity after 56 weeks and quality-of-life assessments. Regular visits help track progress and safety until study completion.

Researchers are investigating the effects of low concentration atropine eye drops on ocular alignment and binocular vision in children with exotropia, exophoria, and myopia. Atropine is known to reduce the power of accommodation by paralyzing the ciliary muscle and dilating the pupil, which can impact binocular vision and eye alignment. This trial aims to better understand how atropine influences these factors, especially since myopia and intermittent exotropia often occur together in children, and atropine is widely used to slow myopia progression. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: 0.05% atropine eye drops, 0.01% atropine eye drops, or placebo eye drops containing 0.1% sodium hyaluronate. Each participant will apply the assigned eye drops to both eyes once every night. The eye drops are prepackaged identically and stored under controlled conditions. This treatment period is planned for up to 2 years, with regular follow-ups to monitor effects. During the study, children will undergo various eye examinations to measure refraction, axial length, stereopsis, fusion, accommodative function, ocular alignment, and other binocular vision parameters at 1 year and 2 years. Researchers will track changes in accommodation amplitude, pupil size, and visual acuity, as well as safety and tolerability. The total participation will last up to 2 years, including regular clinic visits for assessments and monitoring.

This research aims to evaluate the effect of at-home amblyopia treatment with Curesight12 for children aged 8 to 12 years who have residual amblyopia. Amblyopia, or lazy eye, is a vision disorder where the brain doesn't process images well from one eye, leading to decreased vision. While treatments like glasses and patching help younger children, many older children still experience vision problems, so new treatments for this age group are needed to improve quality of life and reduce lifelong vision risks. The treatment uses the Curesight12 system, which includes an 11.6-inch tablet, an eye tracker, red-cyan glasses, and software that streams videos with special visual effects to encourage the amblyopic eye to work better. Children watch videos of their choice at home while the system blurs part of the stronger eye's view to stimulate the weaker eye. The device adjusts the blur based on each child's vision, and the study will assess how effective this approach is for older children aged 8 to 12. Participants will be involved for at least 12 weeks, during which researchers will measure improvements in the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye compared to their starting vision. The study includes eye exams and vision tests to monitor progress and to adjust the treatment as needed. Data is securely stored and managed following privacy standards. This pilot study follows previous trials in younger children and aims to provide insight into Curesight12's benefits for this older age group.

Phacoemulsification is a common cataract surgery performed under topical anesthesia, which is generally safe but can cause pain, anxiety, and discomfort for some patients. This research evaluates the effect of oral anti-anxiety medication, specifically Alprazolam, on improving patient satisfaction during second eye cataract surgery. The study aims to clarify whether oral sedation can reduce pain, anxiety, and side effects like nausea and dizziness compared to no sedation during phacoemulsification. Patients will receive either a single oral dose of Alprazolam or a placebo tablet 30 minutes before surgery. The dose of Alprazolam is 0.5 mg for most patients, with a reduced 0.25 mg dose for those over 65 years or with liver disease. The study compares these groups to assess how oral sedation affects anxiety, pain, and surgical satisfaction. This is an extension study involving patients undergoing surgery on their second eye with topical anesthesia. During the trial, participants will complete questionnaires assessing pain, anxiety, and overall satisfaction before and after surgery. Researchers will monitor intraoperative discomfort and postoperative anxiety levels. Data from approximately 250 patients will be collected and analyzed for these outcomes. This study runs from March 2025 to December 2027, focusing on improving cataract surgery experiences safely and conveniently.

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness of augmented reality (AR) training compared to traditional patching for treating unilateral amblyopia in children and adults aged 5 to 55 years. This trial addresses challenges with patching, such as poor adherence and limited improvement in visual functions, by using an innovative binocular therapy based on neural deficits seen in amblyopia. The study aims to compare improvements in visual acuity and other visual functions between the two treatments. The trial involves two groups: one receiving dichoptic AR training using a dual-pathway push-pull method targeting specific neural pathways, and the other undergoing conventional patching therapy. AR training requires patients to perform 2 hours of visual exercises daily at home using a device that presents different images to each eye, while the patching group patches the fellow eye for 2 hours daily at home. The study is conducted across multiple centers and based on advanced neural processing theories to rebalance visual pathways and binocular interaction. Participants will be assessed over 13 weeks with multiple evaluations at 2, 4, 9, and 13 weeks to monitor changes in visual acuity, stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, and treatment compliance. Safety reports are also collected regularly. The main outcome measured is the total effective rate at 13 weeks. Participants need to attend visits and complete treatments as scheduled to contribute to the study’s findings on improving visual outcomes in amblyopia.

Strabismus is a condition where the eyes do not align properly on a focused object, caused by issues such as congenital or acquired factors and affecting eye movement. It can lead to symptoms like diplopia or confusion in adults, while children may compensate for misalignment without diplopia. This research investigates how strabismus surgery impacts balance and postural control, building on limited prior studies that suggest surgery may improve balance by affecting eye muscle sensory functions. Patients with either congenital or acquired strabismus will be enrolled and divided into two groups accordingly. All participants will undergo comprehensive eye and orthoptic examinations along with balance assessments before surgery and at 30, 90, and 180 days after the surgical procedure to correct their eye alignment. Throughout the study, participants will be evaluated at multiple time points with tests measuring eye function and balance, including dynamic balance and various vision tests. The primary outcome is the change in dynamic balance from baseline at each follow-up. Secondary measures include detailed eye movement and binocular vision tests. Safety and ability to maintain balance for extended periods are also monitored during the six-month follow-up period.

Researchers are evaluating enhanced binocular treatments for children aged 4 to 10 years with amblyopia, a condition that affects vision in one eye. The study compares new treatment protocols designed to extend therapy beyond the usual 4-week period to see if they result in a more complete and stable recovery of vision. This research aims to determine if these alternative methods improve visual acuity and binocular vision compared to the original treatment approach. Participants will play binocular games on a tablet for one hour per day, five days a week, using different contrast increment protocols. The study is a randomized trial with three groups: the original 10% contrast increment, a reduced contrast increment, and no contrast increment. After 8 weeks, children who achieve normal visual acuity will begin stereoacuity training for 4 weeks, while those with remaining vision issues will receive dichoptic movie treatment for an additional 4 weeks. During the 12-week study, children will be assessed at various time points to measure changes in visual acuity, stereoacuity, and suppression. Visual acuity of the amblyopic eye is the primary outcome measured at baseline and 8 weeks. Participants and their families must agree to avoid patching treatments during the study. The research includes regular monitoring and requires children to be able to play the binocular games to participate.

Amblyopia, also known as lazy eye, is a condition where one or both eyes have reduced vision that cannot be explained by an eye abnormality alone. It causes problems with contrast perception, movement detection, visual sharpness, focusing, and depth perception. Traditionally, treatment involves patching the stronger eye for two hours daily, but this can have compliance issues and vision often regresses after stopping treatment. Recent research suggests amblyopia may involve both eyes due to changes in brain visual pathways, leading to new binocular treatments that aim to improve vision in the lazy eye and restore depth perception. This study compares three treatment methods in children with amblyopia aged 4 to 10 years: Group A uses an eye patch on the stronger eye with near-vision activities like reading and drawing; Group B uses an eye patch on the stronger eye combined with an electronic tablet; Group C uses red-green glasses with an electronic tablet. Each group receives their assigned treatment for two hours every day over four months, followed by a two-month break to assess if vision problems return. Participants will have their vision and depth perception tested at the start, monthly during treatment, and two months after stopping treatment to check for relapse. The study will measure the best corrected visual acuity in the lazy eye and stereopsis at these times. The trial is double-blind and randomized, aiming to find which treatment helps improve vision and binocular function the most. The total involvement lasts about six months, including treatment and follow-up evaluations.

Researchers are studying Infantile Idiopathic Nystagmus (IIN), a common eye movement disorder in children that causes involuntary eye motions and can affect visual acuity and quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the effects of biofeedback training (BT), a new technique using microperimetry devices, on controlling eye movements and improving vision in children with IIN. The goal is to develop guidelines for using BT in nystagmus cases based on systematic assessment. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: one receiving active biofeedback training and the other receiving simulated (sham) training. The active BT sessions involve visual and audio feedback to help patients control their eye movements using a fixation target and training target, with four sessions lasting about 20 minutes each over four weeks. The simulated training includes a computer game-like task involving peripheral vision targets and is also conducted over four weekly sessions. Both groups receive take-home reading exercises to support the training. Throughout the study, children will undergo baseline assessments including distance and near vision tests, fixation stability, nystagmus amplitude, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, and quality of life questionnaires. Follow-up visits occur one week and three months after training completion to measure changes in visual acuity, fixation stability, reading speed, and other vision-related outcomes. The study lasts up to 24 months, with careful monitoring for any discomfort or fatigue during training, although no significant risks are expected.