Vitiligo

This study is to evaluate how safe and effective ritlecitinib is in participants with non-segmental vitiligo (NSV). Ritlecitinib is studied in patients with non-segmental vitiligo. Vitiligo is a chronic acquired depigmentation disorder characterized by well-defined pale white patches of skin. Non-segmental vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder and is the focus of this study. The study will show: * if the repigmentation (the recovery of pigmentation) achieved in study B7981040 (also called the "parent study") will stay the same or will further increase if you keep receiving the same study medicine (ritlecitinib 50 milligrams or placebo) * Or if more repigmentation can be achieved if you start receiving ritlecitinib 100 milligrams in this study * Or how long the repigmentation achieved during the parent study lasts if you start receiving placebo in this study. This study is seeking for participants who: * have non-segmental vitiligo (either active or stable) and * received ritlecitinib or placebo for 52 weeks in the parent study. A placebo looks exactly like the study capsule but does not contain any medicine in it. All participants in this study will receive the study medicine or placebo. The study medicine (ritlecitinib 50 milligrams or 100 milligrams) or placebo are capsules that are taken by mouth at home every day. On study visit days, you must take the medication at the study site, and not at home. Participants may receive the study medicine or placebo for up to 52 weeks. The study will look at the experiences of people receiving the study medicine. This will help see if ritlecitinib is better for treating vitiligo. Participants will be involved in this study for a maximum of 60 weeks. During this time, they will have 9 study visits during the study. Ritlecitinib 50 mg is an approved drug for the treatment of severe Alopecia Areata (a disease with similar abnormal changes in the body functions like vitiligo) in the US, EU and Japan. China, Great Britain and other market applications are pending.

This trial in adult participants ≥ 18 years with non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) consists of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled period to establish and characterize the dose-response relationship of GIA632 and estimate the targeted doses treatment effect compared with placebo, followed by the assessment of longer term safety and efficacy in extension period.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if drug CGB-600 works to treat vitiligo on the face and neck in participants between 18-60 years of age. It will also learn about the safety of CGB-600. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does CGB-600 decrease the severity of vitiligo on the face and neck? What medical problems do participants have when taking drug CGB-600? Researchers will compare CGB-600 to a non-active drug (vehicle) to see if CGB-600 works to treat vitiligo. Participants will: Apply face twice daily for a period of 24 weeks. Visit the clinic 8 times for checkups and tests.

The study investigator will conduct a multi-centered randomized clinical trial in the outpatient department of Operative Dentistry, in three units of Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), with parallel treatment assignment to an experimental, active comparator, and control groups. The investigator will recruit study participants aged 12 to 45 at moderate risk of dental caries, specifically those with vitamin D deficiency. Additionally, participants must have at least two clinically diagnosed teeth with initial carious lesions (ICL). Each participant will be enrolled for six months in this trial. The investigator will obtain data on vitamin D deficiency from Dow Diagnostic Laboratory. Dental caries risk will be assessed using a caries risk assessment (CRA) form, while ICL will be evaluated through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores. The investigator will collect the samples of participants' saliva to analyze salivary proteins using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cariogenic microbes through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Participants will be assigned to one of three groups randomly: * Group A participants will be vitamin D deficient with caries, receiving vitamin D supplements and Oral hygiene instructions (OHI). * Group B participants will be vitamin D deficient with caries, receiving vitamin D supplements, topical fluorides, and OHI. * Group C participants will be vitamin D sufficient to be considered as controls for comparison, receiving fluoride application and OHI. The investigator will assess study outcomes by observing changes in ICDAS scores, salivary protein concentrations, and count of cariogenic bacterial species (Streptococcal mutans and Lactobacilli).

Vitiligo is a common chronic autoimmune skin disease characterized by skin depigmentation, resulting in white patches that can occur on any part of the body and significantly impact patients' quality of life. Currently, treatment options for vitiligo primarily include topical medications, phototherapy, systemic therapy and surgery; however, their efficacy is limited, making it difficult to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes,with a high recurrence rate. Studies have demonstrated that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays a critical role in autoimmune diseases and is involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib cream can improve skin lesions in patients with vitiligo. This study is an investigator-initiated real-world study on the use of ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of vitiligo, with the primary objective of investigating the factors influencing the efficacy of ruxolitinib cream in vitiligo treatment. Primary outcome measure: At Week 24, the clinical characteristic differences between the groups achieving and not achieving T-VASI50 \[50% improvement of total vitiligo area scoring index (T-VASI)\]. Secondary outcome measures: (1) At Week 12 and Week 24, the proportion of patients scoring 4(slightly noticeable) or 5(no longer noticeable) on the Vitiligo Noticeability Scale (VNS), as well as the distribution of patients within each category; (2) Change from baseline in vitiligo-specific quality-of-life score (vitiligo-specific quality-of-life, VitiQoL) at Week 12 and Week 24; (3) Proportion achieving T-VASI 50/75/90 at Week 12 and Week 24; (4) Proportion achieving F-VASI 50/75/90\[facial vitiligo area scoring index(F-VASI)\] at Week 12 and Week24.

Belle.ai provides a differential diagnosis from more than 2,000 different skin conditions leveraging a database trained on over 500,000 images. The image referencing technology deploys deep learning to analyze an uploaded clinical image and then matches its geometric pattern characteristics to Belle.ai's database of images to provide reference differentials. The purpose is to determine the validity of the Belle.ai software in diagnosing common dermatologic diseases across a range of skin tones. Consented patients will have three images taken of their dermatologic disease within the Belle.ai software. These images will be uploaded and saved within the Belle system where a single AI-generated differential list will be generated based on the three photos. The study coordinator will review uploaded patient "cases" and assign the cases for review and adjudication to designated Dermatologic Review Committee (DRC) members within the Belle web portal. Successful validation will require \>80% concordance between Belle.ai's primary working diagnosis (#1 on the differential) and our dermatology experts. A team of dermatology experts will then secondarily assess the concordance among the remaining diagnoses.

The main purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of severe or very severe alopecia areata (hair loss) in children from 6 years to less than 18 years of age. The study is divided into 4 periods, a 5-week Screening period, a 36-week Double-Blind Treatment Period, an approximately 2-year Long-term Extension Period, and a 4-week Post-treatment Follow-up period.

This is a multi-center, parallel-group, open-label, randomized, Phase 1b study to explore the safety, clinical activity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DR-01 in adults with Alopecia Areata or Vitiligo.

Vitiligo is a long-term autoimmune condition that causes the skin to lose its color. The body's germ-fighting system (immune system) mistakenly attacks the skin cells (melanocytes) which produce the pigment that gives the skin color (melanin). This leads to the formation of patches of skin with less or no pigment (depigmentation). These patches can occur anywhere on the body. In the nonsegmental form of vitiligo, similar patches occur on both sides of the body (symmetrical patches). The main aim of this study is to learn how safe zasocitinib is, how well it works and how well it is tolerated by adults with nonsegmental vitiligo. The participants will receive the study treatment (either zasocitinib or placebo) for up to 1 year (52 weeks). The placebo looks like the zasocitinib capsule but does not have any medicine in it. Participants who receive placebo at the beginning will change to zasocitinib after about 6 months. During the study, participants will visit their study clinic 11 times.

The long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids, cetoleic acid (C22:1 n-11) and gondoic acid (C20:1 n-9) found in some North Atlantic fish have been shown to lower inflammatory markers. This has been shown in preclinical studies with particular effect in adipose tissue, and in a human clinical study measuring redness of the face. Omega-3 is also known for reducing skin erythema evoked as a response to UVB exposure, and to decreasing systemic inflammatory biomarkers. This provides a hypothesis that a combination oil with known bioaccumulation in both subcutaneous fat and in dermal/epidermal layers will contribute to healthy skin function, as shown by a reduction in inflammatory markers and skin erythema and improved barrier function. The study will recruit subjects to one of 3 arms, a placebo, a low dose and a high dose of omega 3-9-11. Subjects will receive capsules for 3 months and undergo a series of measurements at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks.