Zika Virus Infection

Researchers are evaluating the safety, tolerability, and how the body processes pharmacokinetics single and multiple intravenous doses of a drug called BWC0977 in healthy adult volunteers. This Phase 1 study involves a total of 64 healthy adults aged 18 to 55 years and is designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with multiple dose groups. The study focuses on measuring any treatment-emergent adverse events and serious adverse events to understand the drugs safety profile. Participants will be divided into two main groups single ascending dose SAD and multiple ascending dose MAD cohorts. In the SAD phase, volunteers receive one intravenous infusion of BWC0977 or placebo over 2 hours at doses of 750 mg or 1500 mg. In the MAD phase, participants receive multiple intravenous infusions of BWC0977 or placebo over 30 minutes to 2 hours daily for 7 to 10 consecutive days. Dose levels will increase sequentially based on safety and tolerability data collected during the study. During the study, participants will undergo various assessments including physical exams, vital signs, ECGs, laboratory tests, and blood sampling at specific times before, during, and after infusions to monitor safety and measure drug levels in the body. Researchers will track adverse events for up to 8 days after single dosing and up to 16 days after multiple dosing. Volunteers must comply with study visits and requirements throughout the trial, which lasts until August 2026.

Pregnancy is a crucial time to assess and manage cardiovascular health risks for both mothers and their children. Researchers are studying the use of the American Heart Associations Lifes Essential 8 as a new way to evaluate cardiovascular health in pregnant women. The goal is to better understand how this tool can be applied and to develop appropriate cardiovascular health standards during pregnancy. The study involves observing pregnant women aged 20 to 49 who conceived naturally and are carrying a single baby. Participants will complete questionnaires, undergo clinical follow-ups, and provide specimens for analysis. The research focuses on monitoring cardiovascular health throughout pregnancy to explore its impact on pregnancy outcomes. During the study, researchers will track maternal and newborn health outcomes up to 42 weeks of gestation. Participants will be involved in routine prenatal checkups and data collection to support the studys assessments. This observational study helps gather important information on cardiovascular health during pregnancy without altering the standard care process.

Researchers are evaluating new home-based methods to measure medication and chemical concentrations in sweat and saliva compared to standard blood tests in patients with chronic or infectious diseases who are receiving medications. The study aims to see if a smart wristband can accurately monitor substances like electrolytes and metabolites in sweat, which may help in health monitoring and disease diagnosis. This pilot observational study is focused on assessing the feasibility of these wearable sweat sensors. Participants provide sweat samples using a Macroduct Sweat Collection System, saliva samples, and blood samples within 24 hours after taking their medications. They also complete short questionnaires lasting 5 to 10 minutes and allow their medical records to be reviewed. The study collects samples and data to compare the new home-based methods against the standard liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of plasma. During the study, patients are followed periodically after completing sample collection to monitor results and assess feasibility. Researchers measure how well the home-based sampling predicts medication levels and observe plasma concentrations within 4 hours. The study includes ongoing follow-up to evaluate the ease of obtaining home-based samples and to review medical data over time.

This research aims to evaluate how male-female pairs of Village Health VolunteersWorkers VHVWs affect womens attendance at a second postnatal care PNC visit in rural areas of Sepone, Lao PDR. The study compares villages where VHVWs work in pairs to those where they work individually, focusing on the postpartum care of women who have recently given birth. It is designed as a quasi-experimental cluster study conducted between July 2024 and October 2026. The study involves 37 selected villages from two districts. In 19 villages of Sepone district, female-male pairs of VHVWs will promote postpartum services, while in 18 control villages of Vilabuly district, VHVWs will operate individually without pairing. The intervention consists of behavioral promotion activities by these paired community health workers to encourage maternal and child health service use. Participants will be women aged 15 to 49 years who have given birth within six weeks to twelve months before the baseline and end-line surveys. Researchers will measure the uptake of the second postnatal care visit six weeks after delivery as the main outcome, along with the length of facility-based postpartum stay. The study includes double masking, and participants will be monitored through surveys assessing their use of postpartum services during the study period.

This trial focuses on females aged 20 to 40 years undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. It aims to compare two ways of giving pethidineintravenous IV and intrathecalto see which is better at preventing shivering after spinal anesthesia. Researchers also want to learn how these methods affect heart and blood pressure stability, nausea, vomiting, and sedation. Participants are randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group receives IV pethidine at 0.5 mgkg mixed in saline before surgery, while the other receives 0.2 mgkg pethidine injected into the spinal area along with bupivacaine. Spinal anesthesia will be administered using a needle between the lower back vertebrae. Patients will not be actively warmed during surgery, and medications like ephedrine and atropine will be given if blood pressure or heart rate drop. Room temperature will be controlled during the operation and recovery. Throughout the surgery and recovery, participants will be closely monitored for shivering using a standardized scale every 15 to 30 minutes. Vital signs like heart rate and blood pressure will be checked regularly, along with body temperature. Researchers will also record any nausea, vomiting, or sedation. The main outcomes measured are the frequency, start time, length, and severity of shivering. Secondary outcomes include heart and blood pressure stability and side effects. Monitoring continues for the first two hours after surgery.

Researchers are evaluating a new health education method aimed at helping indigenous Orang Asli households in Selangor, Malaysia, prepare for Disease X and other outbreaks. This cluster randomized trial seeks to find out if a package including workshops, simulation exercises, and card games can improve these households readiness, awareness, attitudes, and proactive preparedness actions compared to receiving educational brochures alone. The study compares two groups one receiving the intervention package plus educational brochures, and the other receiving only the brochures. The intervention package is delivered once during a workshop. The control group gets brochures sourced from the Ministry of Health Malaysias Info Sihat website. Both groups will participate in surveys before the intervention, immediately after, and at 1- and 2-month follow-ups to assess changes. Participants will engage in the intervention activities or receive brochures, then complete four surveys to measure preparedness using scores and matrices. Researchers will track household preparedness, cognitive preparedness, and behavior related to outbreak readiness over the two-month follow-up. The study is sponsored by Universiti Teknologi Mara and includes adults aged 18 to 99 years old from Orang Asli communities.

This research aims to study the effects of the Helfer Skin Tap Technique and local cold application on pain and hemodynamic responses during intramuscular tetanus vaccination in pregnant women. The study will compare these two methods with the standard injection procedure to see how they influence pain intensity and vital signs such as heart rate and blood pressure. Pregnant women receiving tetanus vaccination will be randomly assigned to three groups for this evaluation. Participants will be divided into three groups one will receive the vaccine using the Helfer Skin Tap Technique, which involves gently tapping the skin during injection another will receive the injection after applying a cold gel compress to the injection site for one minute and the control group will receive the standard intramuscular injection without additional intervention. The process follows specific guidelines for each group to ensure consistency. During the study, vital signs including heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation will be measured before, immediately after, and 15 minutes post-injection. Pain levels will be assessed right after injection, 15 minutes later, and again at 24 and 48 hours after vaccination through follow-up contact. This detailed monitoring aims to capture both immediate and longer-term effects of the interventions on pain and physiological responses.

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness of a psychosocial support program for pregnant women diagnosed with fetal anomalies. The study uses a randomized controlled trial design to compare the outcomes of women receiving the support intervention with those receiving routine prenatal care. This research aims to help women cope with the challenges of a fetal anomaly diagnosis by improving their mental and physical health during pregnancy. Participants in the intervention group will receive a structured psychosocial support program that includes individual counseling sessions, stress management techniques, emotional support, and educational materials focused on coping strategies and mental well-being. This program is delivered by trained healthcare professionals during the prenatal period. The control group will receive usual prenatal care without additional psychosocial support. Throughout the study, researchers will assess participants levels of depression, anxiety, stress, prenatal attachment, and maternal attachment. These will be measured before the 20th week of pregnancy, after a 6-week intervention, and during follow-up periods including 4 weeks after the post-test and 6 weeks after birth. This assessment helps evaluate the impact of the psychosocial support on emotional and maternal bonding outcomes.

Researchers are evaluating whether skipping the routine use of a bladder catheter during planned cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia affects the need for bladder catheterization due to postpartum urinary retention within 24 hours after surgery. This study compares two methods avoiding catheterization when the patient urinates spontaneously before surgery versus using systematic catheterization during the operation. The trial aims to assess the benefits and risks of skipping catheter use, addressing concerns about urinary infections and patient discomfort related to catheterization. Participants will be divided into two groups randomly. One group will urinate spontaneously before surgery and receive a bladder catheter during the cesarean section. The other group will also urinate before surgery but will not have a catheter placed during the procedure. Ultrasound bladder scans will be done before and after surgery to measure urine retention. Post-surgery monitoring includes checking for urinary retention, infections, pain, and discomfort, as well as collecting urine samples and assessing complications. Follow-up lasts up to six weeks after surgery. During the study, patients will undergo bladder scans before surgery to ensure adequate urination and several ultrasound checks after surgery to monitor urine volume. Pain and discomfort scores during first urination or catheterization are recorded, along with urine tests for infection. Researchers will track surgical complications, painkiller use, hospital stay length, and patients childbirth experience. Data collection continues for six weeks to observe recovery and urinary function. The main outcome is whether bladder catheterization is needed within 24 hours after surgery.

Vector-borne diseases, caused by bites from infected mosquitoes, flies, fleas, ticks, or other blood-feeding insects, result in nearly one million deaths annually and are increasing, especially in Southeast Asia. In Cambodia, these diseases may account for about 10 percent of fevers, but many cases go undiagnosed. This research aims to better understand the range of febrile illnesses by using advanced metagenomic sequencing to identify pathogens in affected individuals. Participants include people aged 2 months and older who have a fever of at least 38 degrees Celsius or are diagnosed with a concerning pathogen. Close contacts of infected individuals may also join. The study collects blood samples, and for those with respiratory symptoms, nasal swabs. Participants share information on their age, sex, health history, and recent travel. If a highly transmissible or virulent pathogen is found, follow-up samples and testing of close contacts are performed to deepen understanding of disease spread. During the study, participants undergo screening with medical history review and physical assessments such as weight for children. They complete questionnaires and provide biological samples for pathogen identification. Optional follow-up samples may be collected within 1 to 2 weeks and again at 3 months after enrollment. Researchers measure pathogen sequences and immune responses to vector saliva proteins. The study continues through July 2027, aiming to improve knowledge of febrile diseases in Cambodia.