Study of MAIT Cells and Gut Microbiota in Children Aged 1 to 15 With or at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes

What this Trial Is About

Researchers are investigating how Mucosal-Associated Invariant T MAIT cells interact with the gut microbiota and gut lining in children at risk for or recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes T1D. The study compares three groups children with recent onset T1D, children genetically at risk for T1D, and healthy control children. The goal is to understand changes in MAIT cells, gut health, and the presence of Coxsackie virus B that may relate to the development and progression of T1D. The study involves detailed analysis of blood samples to measure MAIT cell frequency, activation, exhaustion, and function using specialized laboratory tests. Stool samples are collected to study gut bacteria and the presence of Coxsackie virus B. Some participants undergo a gut permeability test involving sugar drinks and urine collection, while others may have duodenal biopsies taken during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to study the gut lining and immune response. These procedures help assess gut integrity and immune markers. Participants will have samples collected at enrollment or shortly after diagnosis, including blood, stool, and possibly urine or biopsy samples. Researchers will analyze MAIT cells, gut bacteria, viral presence, and gut lining markers. The study measures how these factors relate to T1D development. Safety is monitored through medical history review and eligibility screening. Participation duration depends on enrollment timing, with assessments focused on baseline and related analyses.

Crosstalk Between Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells and the Gut Microbiota and Mucosa in the Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Children