Unraveling the Impact of Distinct Exercise Modalities on Gut Microbiome and Gut-derived Metabolites in Older Adults with Sarcopenia

What this Trial Is About

Researchers are investigating the effects of different exercise types on the gut microbiome and muscle health in older adults with sarcopenia, a condition causing muscle loss and reduced physical function. This study aims to understand how aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise might differently influence gut bacteria linked to muscle health, addressing a gap in current knowledge with a randomized controlled trial design. The study builds on evidence suggesting that the gut-muscle axis plays a key role in sarcopenia and that exercise can modify gut microbiota independently of nutrition. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three 12-week supervised exercise programs: moderate aerobic exercise, resistance training, or a combination of both, with sessions three times per week lasting 60 minutes each. The aerobic group uses treadmill and bike exercises with intensity based on heart rate, the resistance group performs weight and calisthenics exercises adjusted by one-repetition maximum, and the combined group engages in both exercise types following specific progression phases. Assessments occur at baseline, after 14 weeks, and at 26 weeks to evaluate changes. Throughout the study, participants undergo tests measuring muscle strength, physical performance, body composition, and gut microbiome changes through blood, urine, and fecal samples. Additional data collected include dietary intake, physical activity levels via a wrist tracker, medication use, and health history. The primary outcome is the change in beneficial gut bacteria at 14 weeks, with follow-up assessments at 26 weeks. Safety, retention, and adherence to exercise are also monitored, with the total study duration lasting 26 weeks.

Distinct Exercise Modalities on Gut Microbiome