Understanding Differences Between Functional and Organic Tics Using Brain and Muscle Monitoring Techniques in Adults Aged 18 to 80

What this Trial Is About

This research aims to better understand the differences between two types of tics organic tics, which are linked to diagnosed disorders, and functional tics, which arise from how the brain and body communicate. Distinguishing these types is often challenging for doctors, and this study seeks to provide clearer diagnostic insights by examining physiological differences in adults aged 18 to 80 years with involuntary movements, as well as healthy volunteers without tics. Participants will attend one clinic visit lasting about four hours, which may be spread over one or two days. During the visit, they will wear sensors that record muscle activity EMG and brain waves EEG. They will rest and have their involuntary movements monitored, then asked to mimic these movements. Healthy volunteers will also perform similar mimic movements. Additional tests include measuring the blink reflex using electrical stimulation near the eyes. Participants must avoid alcohol and caffeine before testing. During the study visit, participants will undergo physical exams and complete questionnaires about their tics and health. Researchers will measure brain activity and muscle responses to understand cortical excitability before tics occur. The main outcome focuses on EEG beta power at the vertex of the scalp. Data from these assessments will help clarify physiological differences between functional and organic tics. The total participation involves just this single detailed session.

Distinguishing Tics and Functional Tics Using Clinical Neurophysiological Techniques