Drug-induced sleep endoscopy: the VOTE classification.
Eric J Kezirian, Winfried Hohenhorst, Nico de Vries
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21614467/Actively Recruiting
Led by University of California, Los Angeles · Updated on 2026-07-01
800
Participants Needed
1
Research Sites
N/A
Total Duration
Researchers are studying obstructive sleep apnea OSA in patients considering surgery by using a technique called drug-induced sleep endoscopy DISE to evaluate the upper airway. This method has been shown to have moderate to substantial reliability and has been compared to other evaluation methods like lateral cephalogram X-rays. The study also looks at DISE findings in patients who have not responded to previous sleep apnea surgeries and their association with surgical outcomes. Participants receive sedation through an intravenous propofol infusion to reach a sleep state where they can be awakened by verbal stimuli. This sedation allows doctors to perform the DISE procedure and observe the upper airway during sleep. The study focuses on examining the relationship between DISE results and other physical examinations, sleep studies, and surgical outcomes. During the study, participants undergo DISE with propofol sedation along with other assessments such as polysomnography and physical exams. Researchers measure how DISE correlates with these other evaluations and surgical results both before and after surgery. The study is ongoing with the latest completion date projected for June 2035, and participants are monitored to assess these outcomes throughout the process.
CONDITIONS
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy for Upper Airway Evaluation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
E
Eric J Kezirian, MD, MPH
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University of California, Los Angeles
Lead Sponsor
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Collaborating Sponsor
This table compares participation in this trial with other options available for this condition. The information is drawn from published research and the trial’s study details and is provided for educational purposes only.
| Factors | DISE (with propofol sedation) – investigational | Awake upper airway evaluation – standard of care |
|---|---|---|
| What it is | An endoscopic procedure performed under propofol sedation to visualize upper airway collapse during sleep‑like conditions | A physical or endoscopic evaluation of upper airway structures performed while the patient is awake |
| Role in trial | Investigational diagnostic method evaluated to guide surgical planning | Not used in trial but represents usual clinical evaluation |
| Primary use | Identify sites and patterns of airway obstruction under sleep‑like conditions to inform surgical decisions | Assess anatomy and obstruction during wakefulness as baseline for surgical planning |
| How it is performed | Under intravenous propofol sedation with endoscopic visualization during a sleep‑like state | By physical or endoscopic examination while the patient is awake without sedation |
| Evidence status | Evidence under investigation; impact on surgical outcomes still to be established | Long‑standing use supported by clinical practice and comparison studies |
| Important risks | Sedation‑related risks such as respiratory depression and need for monitoring | Minimal procedural risk as it does not involve sedation |
| Important limitations | Requires sedation, specialized equipment and trained staff; may not reflect natural sleep physiology | Does not capture dynamic collapse that occurs during sleep, potentially limiting surgical targeting |
| Patient impact | May lead to more accurate surgical targeting but impact on outcomes unproven | Common baseline evaluation though may not guide optimal surgical decisions |
Disclaimer: This comparison is created with the help of artificial intelligence(AI) and may contain errors or missing information. It is not medical advice and does not mean one option is better or safer than another. Clinical trials are still being studied, and joining a trial is your choice. Please consult your healthcare professional before making any decisions.
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Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Masking
NONE
Allocation
NA
Model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary Purpose
TREATMENT
Number of Arms
1
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20403857/University of California, Los Angeles
Lead Sponsor
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Collaborating Sponsor