Study of Malnutrition, Gut Health, and Microbiome Changes in Pregnant Women and Their Infants in Zimbabwe from Pregnancy to 3 Years

What this Trial Is About

Malnutrition among women of reproductive age is a significant health issue in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Zimbabwe, affecting both mothers and their infants. This research investigates how maternal malnutrition and poor water, sanitation, and hygiene WASH conditions influence infant growth, intestinal microbiota development, immune system maturation, and the risk of intestinal inflammation and malnutrition. The study also considers maternal stress and mental health as factors potentially impacting infant care and health outcomes. The study follows pregnant women from at least 20 weeks gestation, divided into groups based on nutritional status and WASH living conditions. Four groups include malnourished and well-nourished women living in improved or poor WASH environments. Researchers will observe maternal and infant microbiota, breast milk composition, infant gut function, and immune responses from pregnancy through the infants first three years. The study includes detailed bio-sample collection and analysis at multiple time points to understand the role of environmental and biological factors in infant malnutrition. Participants will undergo regular assessments including maternal and infant stool, blood, and breast milk samples, alongside questionnaires on maternal stress and empowerment. Infant growth and health will be monitored through measures like mid-upper arm circumference, weight, height, and diarrhea episodes. The study aims to track infant intestinal inflammation, permeability, and immune cell populations, with follow-up visits continuing until the child reaches three years old. This comprehensive approach seeks to clarify how maternal and environmental factors contribute to infant malnutrition and development.

Early Life Malnutrition, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and Microbiome Trajectories