What this Trial Is About

In Portugal, there is an increase in cases of depression (from 6.9% to 9.8%) and anxiety (from 3.5% to 6.5%), among those enrolled in health care centers. Although the prevalence of both disorders' peaks in older adulthood, depression and anxiety often have their onset in youth. The high prevalence of psychological morbidity has been a cause for concern, given the associations between depression and anxiety in youth and other chronic mental disorders, stress, physical health problems and poorer quality of life (QoL), and physical disorders in older age. The prevention of psychological morbidity in young people is crucial to reduce its adverse effects on young adults' development, school performance, social functioning, and to prevent its harmful impact on QoL. Cognitive behavioral therapy is considered the most effective intervention for the treatment of anxiety and depression in young people. In this study, a behavioral relaxation technique, i.e., relaxation, will be used. This technique has positive effects on psychological morbidity, specially Schultz's autogenic relaxation training. Electrostimulation therapy, a non-invasive technique that uses electrical micro current for therapeutic purposes, is an innovative way of treating psychological morbidity, and has proven to be effective in reducing stress, depression and anxiety. Recently, studies found that cortical stimulation was associated with a reduction in depression, effects maintained after the treatment end. Also, there is evidence that there are improvements in depression, anxiety, pain and sleep, which were maintained after 4 treatment sessions. Considering the high incidence of psychological morbidity in emerging adulthood, as well as its harmful impact on adulthood, the importance of this research aimed at reducing psychological morbidity in young adults and promoting QoL throughout life stands out. This study aims to answer the question "Does an electrostimulation therapy intervention have an impact on psychological morbidity and QoL when compared to a cognitive behavioral intervention?", with the main objective of contributing to reducing psychological morbidity in young adults, as well as promoting their QoL.

Interventions in Adults With Depressive and Anxious Symptoms