Validity and reliability of combining three methods to determine ventilatory threshold.
S E Gaskill, B C Ruby, A J Walker...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11689733/Actively Recruiting
Led by McMaster University · Updated on 2025-07-14
14
Participants Needed
2
Research Sites
N/A
Total Duration
Researchers are studying how acute ingestion of ketone monoester affects brain blood flow and ventilatory threshold during maximal exercise tests at both low and high altitudes. The trial focuses on healthy adults aged 18 to 35 and aims to understand the bodys responses to exercise under different altitude conditions while using this dietary supplement. Participants receive either a ketone monoester supplement dosed at 0.6 grams per kilogram of body weight or a taste-matched placebo. The study includes two experimental settings one at high altitude 3800 meters at Barcroft Research Station and another at low altitude 334 meters at the University of Guelph. The intervention is randomized and double-blind to compare the effects in these two environments. During the study, participants undergo maximal exercise tests with continuous monitoring of cerebral blood velocity, cardiac output, blood pressure, ventilation, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, blood lactate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. These measurements are taken over a 3-hour period to evaluate physiological responses. The trial lasts for the duration of the exercise test sessions, and safety is monitored throughout.
CONDITIONS
Ketone Monoester Supplements, High Altitude, and Brain Blood Flow During Exercise
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McMaster University
Lead Sponsor
This table compares participation in this trial with other options available for this condition. The information is drawn from published research and the trial’s study details and is provided for educational purposes only.
| Factors | KME Supplement During Exercise | Placebo Drink During Exercise |
|---|---|---|
| What it is | A dietary supplement containing ketone monoester, given as a single oral dose (0.6 g/kg body mass) to increase blood ketone levels during exercise. | A calorie-free, taste-matched placebo drink given in the same manner as KME to serve as a control during exercise. |
| Role in the study | To test whether raising blood ketone levels with a supplement alters brain blood flow and exercise responses at different altitudes. | Serves as a non-active control for measuring the body's responses to exercise at different altitudes without ketone supplementation. |
| Primary use | Studied to understand whether ketone monoester influences brain blood flow and cardiovascular or respiratory responses during exercise in low-oxygen (hypoxic) conditions. | Used as a control to clarify whether any observed changes in physiological responses are specifically due to KME supplementation. |
| How it is given or performed | A single oral dose of KME is administered based on individual body weight, before exercise testing at each altitude. | A calorie-free, taste-matched drink is administered orally in the same procedure and schedule as KME. |
| Evidence status | No published outcome data yet exist for KME in this setting; the trial investigates acute physiological responses during exercise at high altitude. | Placebo is used for comparison and does not provide an active effect; it enables measurement of baseline responses but has no expected physiological benefit. |
| Important limitations | The study includes a small, select group of healthy young adults, so results may not apply to other age groups or individuals with medical conditions. No long-term outcomes or safety data are available. | The placebo does not mimic the metabolic effects of KME; results may not represent exercise responses in the broader population outside research settings. |
Disclaimer: This comparison is created with the help of artificial intelligence(AI) and may contain errors or missing information. It is not medical advice and does not mean one option is better or safer than another. Clinical trials are still being studied, and joining a trial is your choice. Please consult your healthcare professional before making any decisions.
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Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
1 visit (in-person)
Duration - Approximately 3 hours per session
Participants receive ketone monoester supplements or placebo while exercising at high or low altitude settings to study cerebral blood flow and other physiological responses.
Multiple exercise sessions at high and low altitude settings
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Masking
DOUBLE
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Model
CROSSOVER
Primary Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Number of Arms
2
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S E Gaskill, B C Ruby, A J Walker...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11689733/McMaster University
Lead Sponsor