An Shun Shi

Researchers are evaluating a new tuberculosis preventive treatment among adolescents and school staff who have been in close contact with active TB cases. This study compares a novel 1-month ultra-short regimen called 1H3P3 with the standard 3-month 3HR regimen, aiming to prevent latent TB infection from progressing to active tuberculosis. The trial is a phase 3, multi-center, open-label, cluster randomized controlled study conducted in school settings in China, with the goal of improving TB prevention strategies for adolescents. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either the 12-dose 1H3P3 regimen of isoniazid and rifapentine taken three times a week for one month, or the 3HR regimen of isoniazid and rifampicin taken once daily for three months. Close contacts of TB cases are screened using blood tests, chest X-rays, sputum testing, and symptom checks to rule out active TB before enrollment. The treatment period lasts either one or three months depending on the group, followed by two years of follow-up to monitor for TB development. During the study, participants will undergo regular assessments including monitoring for active tuberculosis through clinical and laboratory tests, adverse events, treatment adherence, and drug resistance if active TB occurs. The main measurement is the cumulative incidence of active TB over 24 months after treatment begins. Safety and treatment completion rates are tracked throughout. Participation involves screening, treatment administration, and periodic follow-up visits over two years to evaluate outcomes and overall TB prevention effectiveness.

People with end stage kidney disease ESKD who require dialysis face a much higher risk of cardiovascular disease compared to the general population, with cardiac issues causing 58% of deaths in this group. However, while aspirin is known to reduce cardiovascular problems in the general population, there is limited evidence about its effects in dialysis patients. The ASPIrin to Reduce Event in Dialysis ASPIRED trial aims to study whether taking low-dose aspirin can safely improve cardiovascular outcomes in people with ESKD receiving dialysis. This study is a multi-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial that will compare daily low-dose aspirin 100 mg to a placebo pill in patients undergoing dialysis. The trial uses an existing dialysis registry platform to screen, recruit, and collect data during routine clinical care, minimizing participant burden and study costs. Randomization is managed through a secure web-based system, and follow-up visits occur every six months as part of regular clinic visits. The trial is expected to last approximately five years and includes oversight by an independent safety and monitoring board. Participants will be involved in regular six-monthly clinic visits where their health will be monitored as part of their usual dialysis care. Researchers will track the occurrence of major cardiovascular events, including heart attacks, strokes, vascular complications, and deaths, throughout the study period. Data will be collected from routine clinical procedures and the dialysis registry to evaluate outcomes. Safety and efficacy will be closely monitored, and the study will follow participants for up to five years to assess the long-term effects of aspirin use in this population.

Researchers are studying the prevalence and clinical features of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome OSAHS within various populations in China, including community residents, patients with specific diseases like hypertension and COPD, and special groups such as university staff and company employees. The study aims to understand how common OSA is in these groups and to evaluate the usefulness of different OSA screening questionnaires. Participants will complete a screening questionnaire, and some will be randomly selected to undergo either polysomnography PSG or portable sleep monitoring PM to confirm OSA diagnosis. This large-scale, multi-center observational study uses careful random sampling methods to ensure reliable and representative data across diverse populations. The study plans to enroll 100,000 participants for the questionnaire phase and 10,000 for the diagnostic monitoring phase. During the study, participants will answer questionnaires either by phone or in person, and selected individuals will receive sleep monitoring tests interpreted by professional sleep physicians. Data quality is maintained through rigorous checks and multiple imputation for missing data. The main outcomes measured include the Apnea-Hypopnea Index and lowest oxygen saturation, while secondary outcomes assess the diagnostic value of various OSA screening tools. The studys duration and follow-up extend through August 2027.