Kharga

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia AIHA is a varied autoimmune condition causing low red blood cell counts with differing severity and health impacts. Antiphospholipid syndrome APS involves blood clotting problems and pregnancy-related complications linked to persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. AIHA occurs in about 10-12% of APS cases and is connected with serious complications like arterial clots, heart valve disease, and neurological symptoms, leading to a more severe APS form. The study aims to define the clinical impact of AIHA within APS, focusing on thrombosis, organ damage, and patient outcomes. It compares APS patients with AIHA to those without AIHA, using diagnostic blood tests such as hemoglobin levels and Coombs test to identify hemolysis and autoimmune involvement. Participants are grouped based on presence or absence of hemolysis evidence. Participants will be monitored for thrombotic events as the main outcome, with blood samples collected to assess hemoglobin and Coombs test status. The study uses randomization without masking to assign participants to groups. The involvement includes diagnostic testing and clinical evaluations, with the primary measure being the number of thrombotic events among APS patients with AIHA at baseline. The study is conducted over multiple years to thoroughly assess clinical implications.

Antiphospholipid syndrome APS is an autoimmune disorder characterized by blood clots and pregnancy complications, with varied clinical presentations. It can occur as a primary condition or secondary to other autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus. This research evaluates blood markers linked to inflammation and immune response, including mean platelet volume MPV, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio PLR, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio NLR, in primary versus secondary APS cases. Participants undergo diagnostic tests such as complete blood counts to measure MPV, PLR, and NLR, along with assessments of antiphospholipid antibody profiles. These blood markers are studied for their potential to reflect inflammation and platelet activity related to APS. The study compares these markers between primary APS and secondary APS groups to understand differences in disease processes. During the study, participants provide blood samples for analysis of these hematological markers. Researchers will evaluate baseline measurements of MPV, PLR, and NLR in both APS types. The study monitors these markers to explore their role in APS diagnosis and prognosis. Participation involves blood testing without active treatment, and the study duration covers from screening through baseline assessments.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM is a widespread chronic condition linked to insulin resistance and reduced insulin secretion, affecting millions worldwide. It can lead to serious complications such as kidney disease, nerve damage, and heart problems. Researchers are investigating the relationship between red cell distribution width RDW, a measure of variation in red blood cell size, and blood sugar control measured by HbA1C in people with T2DM, as RDW may reflect disease activity or complications. This observational study compares people with uncontrolled T2DM and healthy individuals. Blood tests including RDW, HbA1C, and lipid profiles will be taken at the start for both groups. For participants with T2DM, these tests will be repeated after 3 and 6 months to assess changes following glycemic control. The study aims to understand if RDW correlates with blood sugar levels and other health complications related to diabetes. Participants will provide blood samples at recruitment and follow-up visits at 3 and 6 months for the diabetes group. Researchers will measure how RDW and HbA1C levels relate over time and whether RDW changes associate with other illnesses or complications. The study will monitor participants for up to 6 months, tracking these markers to better understand their potential role in diabetes management.

Antiphospholipid syndrome APS often involves thrombocytopenia, a low platelet count, which is now recognized as an important feature in the 2023 ACREULAR APS criteria. Persistent or moderate thrombocytopenia is linked to reduced long-term survival and a more severe disease profile with higher risk of blood clots and death. This study aims to understand how changes in platelet counts over time relate to disease severity and survival in patients with APS. Researchers will gather routine and hospitalization platelet count data from APS patients with confirmed diagnosis and persistent antibody positivity. Using advanced statistical methods, patients will be grouped by their platelet count patterns over at least 12 months into categories such as stable normal, transient, intermittent, or persistent thrombocytopenia of varying severity. This study will track these groups to explore how platelet trajectories predict clinical outcomes. Participants will have their platelet counts collected from past medical records covering at least one year. The study will measure outcomes including all-cause mortality from diagnosis up to five years and recurrent thrombotic events over an average of five years. This observational approach will help researchers assess the relationship between platelet count changes and long-term health risks in APS, without introducing new treatments or interventions.