Mbabane

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading infectious cause of death worldwide and significantly impacts people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), especially children and adolescents. These groups face challenges like gaps in preventive care, detection, treatment adherence, and knowledge. This research aims to improve TB detection, testing, and preventive treatment strategies tailored for PLHIV to address these challenges and improve care outcomes. The study evaluates patient-centered TB preventive therapy, where participants who have been ruled out for active TB choose their preferred preventive treatment regimen. Participants are then randomized to receive one of two types of adherence support, including enhanced support through weekly text messages and clinic phone calls. These messages encourage communication with healthcare providers to address questions and improve treatment adherence. Participants will be monitored for TB screening and diagnosis over 24 to 32 months, with prevention outcomes assessed at 48 months. Researchers will also evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the TB preventive treatments over 32 months. The study involves ongoing communication between participants and trained healthcare staff to support adherence and tracks treatment success and safety throughout the study period.

Researchers are evaluating the long-term use of a long-acting injectable drug called cabotegravir (CAB LA) for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in people at risk of acquiring HIV. This study focuses on participants who have completed or are currently enrolled in previous related studies HPTN 083 and HPTN 084 and their sub-studies. The goal is to monitor new HIV infections, serious adverse events, injection site reactions, and other adverse events that might cause withdrawal over an extended period. Participants will receive CAB LA by gluteal intramuscular injection at a dose of 600 mg every 8 weeks. This treatment continues from the parent studies, and participants will be followed for up to approximately 3 years. The study includes ongoing treatment with CAB LA and regular assessments to evaluate safety and effectiveness as part of this long-term follow-up. During the study, participants will undergo regular HIV testing, safety monitoring, and evaluation of injection site reactions and adverse events. Researchers will track the number of new HIV infections and detailed characteristics of these infections from the start of the study through the follow-up period. This includes monitoring serious and grade 3 or 4 injection site reactions, as well as other adverse events that may lead to withdrawal from the study. Participants will be observed closely to ensure continued safety throughout the study duration.