Hebli

This research aims to evaluate the long-term safety and explore the efficacy of astegolimab in adults aged 40 to 90 years with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD. It focuses on participants who have completed a 52-week placebo-controlled treatment period in previous studies GB43311 or GB44332. The study is a phase 3, open-label extension to gather extended safety information on this drug in COPD patients. Participants from the parent studies who qualify will receive subcutaneous injections of astegolimab every two weeks throughout the study until it ends. This open-label extension allows all participants to receive the active drug without placebo comparison. The study continues treatment beyond the initial 52-week period to monitor long-term effects. During the study, participants will be monitored for adverse events up to 12 weeks after their last dose of astegolimab. Researchers will collect safety data to understand the incidence of any side effects. The study involves regular assessments and follow-ups to ensure participant well-being, with the total duration lasting until July 2034.

Researchers are evaluating the impact of two different default dialysate sodium concentrations on major cardiovascular events and death in adults receiving maintenance haemodialysis for end-stage kidney disease. This pragmatic, cluster-randomised, open-label Phase 4 study compares sodium levels of 137 mmoll and 140 mmoll in real-world dialysis settings across multiple sites globally. Dialysis sites will be randomly assigned to use either a default dialysate sodium concentration of 137 mmoll or 140 mmoll for at least 90% of dialysis sessions. Other aspects of patient care will follow standard local practices. Sites must consent to participate, and individual patients will provide waiver or opt-out consent. The study expects to enroll sites over 5 to 7 years, with each participant followed for approximately 2 to 5 years until the study endpoints are reached. Participants will receive dialysis at their assigned sites with the designated sodium concentration. Researchers will monitor the time to first occurrence of major cardiovascular events or death as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include other cardiovascular events and individual components of the composite outcomes. Data collection and patient monitoring will continue throughout the study period, estimated to last around five years per participant.