Kirkuk

Researchers are studying how turoctocog alfa is used in everyday clinical practice for male patients with haemophilia A, a congenital bleeding disorder. This observational retrospective study aims to describe treatment patterns and provide baseline information for managing haemophilia A without changing participants' clinical care. The study focuses on patients who have previously received factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy and are now switching to turoctocog alfa. Turoctocog alfa, administered intravenously, is the drug being observed in this study. Data is collected from patients who switch from their previous FVIII therapy to turoctocog alfa. The study does not involve new treatments or interventions but relies on existing medical records uploaded to a special electronic database. Participants' baseline history is recorded at the time they switch to turoctocog alfa, and outcomes are tracked according to their regular clinic visits. The main outcome measured is the annual bleeding rate (ABR) over 12 months following the switch. This helps researchers understand how different turoctocog alfa treatment regimens affect bleeding events in these patients.

This clinical trial studies adults aged 18 to 40 with Class I malocclusion undergoing clear aligner orthodontic treatment. It compares two types of composite materials used to bond attachments on teeth: a flowable nanocomposite and a packable microhybrid composite. The goal is to see which material maintains better enamel color stability, handles more easily during bonding and debonding, and causes less change to the enamel surface. Participants will receive both composite types on opposite sides of their dental arch in a split-mouth design to compare results directly. Attachments will be bonded using the two materials, and the time taken for bonding and debonding will be recorded. The study focuses on the color change of the enamel surface after attachment removal, measured with a spectrophotometer. Additionally, changes in enamel surface roughness will be assessed before and after treatment. Throughout the study, participants will have spectrophotometric color measurements, photographs, and scans taken. Researchers will also track pain or discomfort using visual scales and assess oral hygiene and gingival health. Follow-up visits will ensure complete data collection and monitor any changes. The study is conducted at the Orthodontic Department of the College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, aiming to improve clinical protocols for clear aligner attachment materials.