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Researchers are evaluating rehabilitation methods for patients who have had a stroke within the past six months. The study aims to compare rehabilitation using Robot and Allied Digital Technologies RADTs with traditional rehabilitation, focusing on the recovery of daily living activities. This multicenter randomized controlled trial seeks to determine if rehabilitation with RADTs is not worse than traditional methods, while also exploring potential benefits, usability, and economic sustainability. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group receives rehabilitation with RADTs, involving devices for upper and lower limb motor skills, gait, balance, and cognitive abilities, supervised by two physical therapists managing 4 to 6 patients. The control group undergoes traditional one-on-one rehabilitation targeting the same domains without robotic devices. Both groups complete 25 sessions of 45 minutes each, with inpatient treatments held five times a week for five weeks and outpatient treatments three times a week for about eight weeks. Throughout the study, participants will have various assessments including the modified Barthel Index to measure daily living activities, motor and sensory function tests, balance scales, cognitive tests, pain scales, and neurophysiological and biomarker evaluations. Follow-up evaluations will continue monthly for six months after treatment. Data are collected uniformly across centers to assess effectiveness, patient and caregiver acceptance, and economic impact of the rehabilitation methods.

Researchers are studying Parkinsons disease PD, focusing on how cognitive decline affects people with this condition. The study explores the use of neurophysiological biomarkers from paired-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation TMS to diagnose and predict cognitive changes in PD patients. It aims to see if TMS measures can distinguish between normal cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment PD-MCI, and dementia related to PD, and whether these measures can predict progression over time. Participants will undergo TMS tests using paired-pulse techniques that measure Short Interval Cortical Inhibition SICI, Short Latency Afferent Inhibition SAI, and Intracortical Facilitation ICF. These measures assess brain circuit function related to neurotransmitters affected by PD. Patients are grouped by their cognitive status and tested initially and then again at one, two, and three years. The study compares these measures across groups and over time to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value. During the study, participants will have comprehensive neurological and neuropsychological evaluations alongside TMS testing. Researchers will collect and compare TMS data at baseline and follow-up visits to track changes in cognitive status. The main outcomes involve comparing SAI, SICI, and ICF measures among patients with normal cognition, mild impairment, and dementia, and assessing changes in these measures as cognitive decline progresses. The study is expected to last at least three years, allowing for long-term monitoring of cognitive changes in PD.