Ciudad Nezahualcoyotl

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness of three different preventive methods to reduce the occurrence of coronal caries in the first permanent molars of Mexican schoolchildren aged 6 to 8 years. This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to determine which method among fluoride varnish alone, conventional glass ionomer pit and fissure sealant plus fluoride varnish, or pit and fissure sealant with Giomer4 technology is most effective in preventing dental caries over a 24-month period. The study also includes an oral health education program to support prevention efforts. Participants are divided into three groups of 68 children each. One group receives biannual fluoride varnish applications as the control a second group receives a combination of glass ionomer pit and fissure sealant plus fluoride varnish and the third group receives a pit and fissure sealant with Giomer4 technology. All groups participate in dental health education covering oral hygiene and caries prevention. Preventive agents are applied following manufacturers instructions. During the study, clinical evaluations occur at baseline and every 6 months up to 24 months to assess caries development and dental biofilm presence. Caries risk is assessed initially using the CAMBRA system, and follow-up assessments use standardized methods such as the International Caries Detection and Assessment System ICDAS. Researchers will compare the incidence of coronal caries and sealant retention rates among groups, as well as changes in oral health knowledge and practices among children and their parents.