Jamshoro

Oral cancer is a major health problem in Pakistan, especially due to late diagnosis and high death rates. It mainly affects areas like the lips, tongue, cheeks, and floor of the mouth. A common cause is chewing pan supari chhaliya, which often leads to a pre-cancerous condition called oral submucous fibrosis, limiting mouth opening and delaying diagnosis. This research looks at saliva as a way to detect oral cancer early by studying cells, genes, and biochemistry in saliva samples from healthy people and patients with oral submucous fibrosis or oral cancer. The study compares three groups healthy volunteers without oral disease, patients with oral submucous fibrosis with or without limited mouth opening, and patients with biopsy-confirmed oral cancer. Researchers will collect 3 cc of fresh saliva from each participant to analyze salivary cells, gene markers such as telomere length, and biochemical components. These analyses will be used to assess saliva as a potential diagnostic tool for early oral cancer detection. Participants will undergo an oral examination to confirm their group eligibility. Saliva samples will be collected and analyzed for cytology, gene evaluation, and biochemical markers over a one-year period. The main outcomes measured include salivary cytology, telomere length in salivary cells, and saliva biochemistry. The study is observational and involves healthy volunteers as well as patients, with no intervention beyond saliva collection and examination.

Researchers are studying the biological features of early operable primary breast cancer in women from the Pakistani population using a method called immunohistochemistry IHC. The aim is to understand how different molecular patterns relate to breast cancer outcomes over a 10-year period. The study is observational and sponsored by Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences. Participants include women diagnosed with early operable primary breast cancer who have not received any pre-surgery treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Tumor tissue samples will be collected and analyzed using IHC to identify molecular characteristics. All patients undergo surgery as part of their treatment, and no neoadjuvant therapy is given before surgery. During the study, researchers will evaluate tumor samples and follow participants health over 10 years to measure breast cancer-specific survival in relation to molecular patterns. There will be no experimental treatments, and the study mainly involves collecting tissue samples and monitoring the long-term outcomes of participants. The study started in February 2016 and is planned to continue until the end of 2025.