Kalkot

Childhood malnutrition is a significant concern in Pakistan, especially in remote agro-pastoral communities that face challenges such as low socioeconomic status, difficult geographic locations, harsh weather, and effects of rapid climate change. This research aims to study how dietary patterns and nutritional status influence growth and development in children living in these communities compared to those in urban areas of District Swat, Pakistan. The study will provide insights into how unique cultural and dietary habits impact child health over time. This observational prospective cohort study will recruit 416 infants and young children aged up to 2 years from agro-pastoral communities and a matched group of 416 children from urban areas within District Swat. Participants will be followed every 12 months for five years. Researchers will collect data on household socio-economic status, food insecurity, dietary diversity, infant feeding practices, complementary feeding, and eating habits. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and body mass index BMI will be recorded at each visit. Participants will be assessed annually until they reach 5 years of age. The study will measure the impact of dietary intake and patterns on child growth using BMI and development using head circumference and the EASQ-3 developmental questionnaire. Data collection will also include repeated evaluations of feeding practices and socio-economic factors. The study aims to identify factors associated with growth and developmental changes over the five-year period, providing valuable information about nutrition and child development in these unique communities.