Sargodha

Researchers are evaluating the combined effects of rhythmic breathing exercises and balance training on improving balance, trunk control, and postural control in patients who have experienced a sub-acute stroke. This study is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial involving stroke patients aged 45 to 65 years. It aims to determine whether adding rhythmic breathing exercises to balance training and conventional physical therapy provides greater benefits compared to balance training and physical therapy alone. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups of equal size. The experimental group will perform rhythmic breathing exercises along with balance training and conventional physical therapy, while the control group will engage in balance training and physical therapy without the breathing exercises. Both groups will exercise for 60 minutes, three days a week, over a continuous period of eight weeks. The rhythmic breathing exercises involve controlled abdominal breathing techniques, and balance training includes activities such as sitting-to-standing, lateral stepping, walking, and ball throwing. Conventional physical therapy consists of warm-up, trunk control exercises, strengthening, stretching, postural control training, gait training, cool down, and education on fall prevention. Participants will be assessed at the start of the study and after eight weeks of intervention. The assessments include the Berg Balance Scale to measure balance, the Trunk Impairment Scale to evaluate trunk control, and the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke to assess postural control. Data collected will be analyzed to compare the effects of the combined interventions. The total participation time is eight weeks, with exercises performed regularly and outcome measures taken before and after the treatment period.

Palliative care education is an important but often under-recognized area in nursing, especially in Pakistan where traditional teaching methods dominate. This research evaluates how different teaching approaches impact experiential learning in palliative care among senior nursing students. The study compares a 5-step pedagogical training program against a conventional 2-step method to determine which better enhances knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy in palliative care. Participants are divided into two groups: Group A receives conventional training consisting of weekly didactic lectures for 10 weeks followed by weekly skill sessions for 6 weeks under instructor supervision. Group B undergoes a 5-step pedagogy including lectures, a 30-minute educational video, supervised practice on a low-fidelity simulator, clinical rotations with real-life performance, and additional self-directed learning sessions. This multi-step approach aims to provide a more comprehensive and interactive learning experience. Throughout the study, participants' experiential learning will be assessed using questionnaires measuring knowledge, self-efficacy, and competency immediately after 6 weeks of intervention and again 3 months later. The trial involves senior nursing students aged 18 to 25 and tracks their progress to determine which educational method better supports effective palliative care training. The findings may help improve nursing education practices in resource-limited settings.

Researchers are investigating the combined effects of core stability and pelvic clock exercises on pain, disability, and quality of life in postpartum females with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. This randomized controlled trial will involve 50 primiparous women aged 25 to 35 years who have experienced vaginal delivery and have significant pain related to sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The study aims to understand how these exercises may impact pain levels, physical disability, and overall well-being in this population. Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups. Group A will receive both core stability and pelvic clock exercises alongside baseline treatment, while Group B will receive only core stability exercises with baseline treatment. The exercise regimen lasts for 8 weeks, with sessions held 3 times a week, each lasting about one hour. Core stability exercises are modified for safety during the postpartum phase and involve sets of repetitions, while pelvic clock exercises focus on pelvic mobility and control, performed for a few minutes per session. Throughout the 8-week treatment period, participants will be assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and WHOQOL-BREF to measure pain, disability, and quality of life. Data will be collected and analyzed to evaluate the effects of the exercise interventions. The total study duration is expected to last 10 months from approval to completion.

This research aims to compare the effects of two exercise programs on balance, walking ability, and fall risk in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a common and disabling diabetes complication affecting nerves and muscles in the feet. Patients with DPN often experience sensory loss, muscle weakness, and difficulty with movement and balance. The study evaluates plantar intrinsic muscles exercises, which focus on small foot muscles that support the foot arch, against three-dimensional ankle foot exercises that emphasize multidirectional ankle and foot movements to improve strength and coordination. The trial will randomly assign 40 participants aged 50 to 75 years with DPN into two groups. One group will perform plantar intrinsic foot exercises, while the other will do three-dimensional ankle foot exercises. Both exercise programs last 40 minutes, three times a week, for eight weeks and include warm-up, conventional therapy, and cool-down. The study is conducted at Dr. Faisal Masood Teaching Hospital in Sargodha, and participants will be evaluated before and after the exercise program. Participants will undergo assessments including the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) and the Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) to measure balance, gait, and fall risk. Data will be analyzed using statistical software. The study focuses on improving mobility and reducing fall risk in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy through targeted exercise interventions over an eight-week period.

Upper Crossed Syndrome causes muscle imbalances in the neck, shoulders, and upper trunk, leading to neck pain and poor posture. This trial investigates the effects of two treatments—Scapular Stabilization Exercises and Eccentric Muscle Energy Technique—on pain, disability, and posture in adults aged 18 to 35 with this condition. The study aims to understand how these methods impact pain levels and functional ability. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A will receive Scapular Stabilization Exercises that target muscles such as the middle trapezius, rhomboids, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior, performed with elastic bands and specific movements, combined with hot pack therapy. Group B will be treated with Eccentric Muscle Energy Techniques including stretches for the upper trapezius, pectoralis, and levator scapulae muscles, also combined with hot pack therapy. Each treatment aims to address muscle tightness and weakness associated with Upper Crossed Syndrome. During the study, researchers will measure pain using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale after 4 weeks, along with assessments of neck disability and postural alignment through the Craniovertebral Angle and Neck Disability Index. Participants will be monitored for changes in pain during movement and after activity. The study involves 34 patients divided equally between the two treatment groups, with data collected to compare the effects on pain, function, and posture.