Podolsk

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness and safety of two treatments for chronic anal fissure, a painful condition involving a long-lasting tear in the anal canal mucosa resistant to non-surgical care. This condition mainly affects younger and working-age adults and is caused by spasms of the internal anal sphincter. The study compares botulinum toxin injections with lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy, a surgical method, to determine the best approach for reducing symptoms and complications. The study involves two treatment groups. One group receives a sparing surgical removal of the fissure without cutting the internal sphincter, followed by injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A into specific points of the internal anal sphincter. The other group undergoes lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy, where the internal sphincter muscle is partially cut to relieve spasm, performed under spinal anesthesia. Both treatments aim to alleviate sphincter spasm but differ in invasiveness and procedure details. Participants will be closely monitored for anal sphincter insufficiency up to 60 days after treatment, focusing on symptoms like incontinence. Assessments include clinical evaluations of sphincter function and safety monitoring for any adverse effects. The study aims to find a treatment that lowers the risk of post-operative incontinence while effectively treating chronic anal fissure, with total participation duration covering the treatment and follow-up period.

Researchers are conducting a multi-center, non-interventional study to observe routine diagnostic and treatment practices for patients with unresectable or inoperable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) in 50 major oncology centers across Russia. The study will collect data from 2000 patients receiving chemo-radiation therapy (CRT) over two years. The aim is to understand demographic and clinical characteristics, diagnostic procedures, treatment approaches, and short-term outcomes of CRT in these patients, without collecting information on treatments following CRT such as durvalumab. The study involves collecting data at two main points: at the start of CRT (either concurrent or sequential chemo-radiation) and after the last dose of radiation therapy, including results from computed tomography (CT) scans. Data collection will be done from patients' medical records in routine clinical practice, and the second data collection is expected to occur within six months after the first visit. The study follows local regulations for adverse event reporting and does not involve additional interventions or treatments. Participants will be adults aged 18 years or older who have locally advanced NSCLC or LS-SCLC and are currently undergoing radiation therapy as part of CRT. Researchers will gather information on patient demographics, disease stage, histology, and clinical status at baseline. The study will monitor treatment details and short-term outcomes after CRT. All data is collected from existing medical records, ensuring no extra procedures for participants. The total participation duration aligns with routine treatment schedules and follow-up visits.