Motala

Researchers are evaluating the Parenting Young Children PYC program, a home-based parenting support designed for parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities IDDs who face risks of child neglect. The study aims to provide evidence about PYCs effectiveness in improving parenting skills, parental self-confidence, and childrens wellbeing. This non-randomized comparative study includes quantitative, process, and qualitative evaluations involving parents and children. The study compares two groups one receiving the PYC program and another receiving treatment as usual TAU from social services. PYC includes weekly one-hour sessions over at least six months, focusing on parent-child interaction and child care skills with tailored checklists and teaching materials. TAU involves various social service interventions such as counseling, practical support, skills training, and compensatory strategies, delivered in different settings. Participants will be assessed before and after the intervention and followed up six months later. Researchers will measure changes in parenting skills using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, parental self-efficacy, and childrens wellbeing through questionnaires. Interviews will explore experiences of parents and children in the PYC group. The total study duration includes intervention and follow-up periods, ensuring careful monitoring of outcomes and family perspectives.

Small bowel obstruction SBO is a surgical emergency where normal bowel movements are blocked, leading many patients to visit emergency departments annually. Most patients with SBO are initially managed without surgery, often using a nasogastric tube NGT to relieve gastric pressure and reduce complications. However, the true benefit of NGT placement for preventing respiratory complications is unclear, with some observational data suggesting it may increase pneumonia risk. This study is a randomized, controlled, open-label trial comparing two groups of patients with SBO who are planned for non-operative management. One group will receive a nasogastric tube placement, while the other will have the tube deferred. Both groups will receive other care according to local guidelines and will be monitored until their SBO resolves either spontaneously or through surgery. A total of 1000 patients will be enrolled across multiple centers. Participants will be regularly monitored for lung-related complications and whether they require care in a high dependency or intensive care unit during the hospital stay or up to 30 days. Other outcomes include surgery rates, death within one year, time to functional recovery, bowel complications, hospital stay length, and readmission rates. The study includes long-term follow-up for one year and qualitative interviews to assess health-economic impacts. This trial aims to provide high-quality evidence on the role of nasogastric tubes in managing SBO.