Miaoli City

This research aims to investigate the effects of opioids and sedatives on brain activity and pain monitoring during anesthesia, focusing on patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERCP. The study measures brain waves and pain responses using the Patient State Index PSI, raw electroencephalogram EEG data, and the Analgesia Nociception Index ANI to better understand the interaction of these drugs. This interaction is important for preventing drug overdose and improving anesthesia care. Participants receive continuous administration of opioids and sedative drugs through target-controlled infusion TCI during the procedure. Two treatment approaches are compared one where the dose of alfentanil is increased first before adjusting propofol, aiming for a higher alfentanil dose, and another where propofol is increased first before alfentanil, aiming for a lower alfentanil dose. Doses are adjusted to reach specific PSI target ranges during anesthesia. Throughout the study, brain wave patterns, PSI, ANI, and vital signs like blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation are monitored before and during the procedure. Researchers analyze EEG alpha, beta, and delta power ratios and other cardiac output measures to assess the pharmacodynamic effects. The study involves randomized assignment to treatment groups with double masking and continues until the end of the procedure, with safety and effectiveness monitored by various measurements.