Kavaklidere

Researchers are evaluating how the erector spinae plane block (ESPB), performed after surgery, affects recovery quality, postoperative pain, and the time it takes for patients to return to daily activities after open inguinal hernia repair done under spinal anesthesia. Postoperative pain from this surgery can delay recovery and daily life resumption. Although ESPB is used in various surgeries for pain relief, its effectiveness specifically for inguinal hernia repair is not well established. Participants will be divided into two groups: one group will receive the ESPB after surgery, and the other will not receive any block. Both groups will have spinal anesthesia during surgery and receive standard postoperative pain medication including intravenous dexketoprofen every 6 hours. If pain is moderate or severe, rescue analgesia with intravenous tramadol will be given. The ESPB involves an ultrasound-guided injection of 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine at the T11-T12 level after surgery. Participants will be monitored closely in the recovery and surgical wards, with data collected on anesthesia effects and pain levels. Quality of recovery will be measured using the Quality of Recovery-15 questionnaire before surgery and 24 hours after. Pain scores will be recorded at multiple intervals up to 24 hours post-surgery. Opioid use will be tracked, and a phone follow-up 30 days later will assess the time to return to daily activities.

Researchers are studying the effects of combining motor imagery training with action observation on balance in elderly individuals aged 60 to 80 years. The trial aims to determine whether adding these techniques to virtual reality-based balance training improves static and dynamic balance and balance confidence more than virtual reality-based training alone. This randomized controlled study includes 46 participants divided into two groups to compare these training methods. Participants in the study group will receive a combination of motor imagery training, action observation, and virtual reality-based balance training, while the control group will receive only the virtual reality-based balance training. Both groups will undergo training sessions twice a week for six weeks. Each session lasts 25 minutes for the control group, including relaxation and balance training, and 45 minutes for the study group, which adds motor imagery and action observation training before balance exercises. Before and after the six-week training period, participants will undergo various assessments including muscle activity measurements during postural swings, balance evaluations using the Berg Balance Scale, computerized kinesthetic balance tests, a 10-meter walking test, balance confidence questionnaires, and motor imagery skill assessments. A blinded researcher will perform all evaluations to compare the effectiveness of the training methods on improving balance and related functions in geriatric individuals.