Cullowhee

Researchers are investigating how different types of focus of attention affect motor learning and performance during sit to stand movements in people who have had a stroke more than six months ago. The study aims to find out whether focusing internally on body movements or externally on targets leads to better use of the affected leg and improved trunk posture during this activity. It also examines how these focus types influence motor learning, measured by retention tests and transfer of skills to walking. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an internal or external focus group in a crossover design. They will perform four sets of sit to stand exercises at progressively lower seat heights, with instructions and feedback tailored to their assigned focus. The seat heights will be 130%, 120%, 110%, and 100% of their baseline mat height. Each set ends after ten repetitions or when participants report a high exertion level. Verbal corrections will be given during each set. One week later, participants will repeat the protocol with the opposite focus condition. During the study, participants will undergo thorough assessments including demographic and clinical information collection, cognitive and motor scales, blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and gait analysis using a pressure mat and GAITRite system at baseline, five minutes, and one hour after training. Trunk alignment and sit to stand symmetry will be measured. Questionnaires about focus during training will be completed. Safety will be monitored throughout, and each session lasts approximately 2 to 3 hours.