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Researchers are evaluating the safety and effectiveness of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Therapy as an additional treatment compared to no stimulation in people with treatment-resistant depression. This prospective, multi-center, randomized, controlled, blinded trial focuses on reducing depressive symptoms over 12 months using multiple depression rating scales. The study follows guidelines from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services regarding evidence development for this treatment. Participants receive implantation of the VNS device, which delivers stimulation to the vagal nerve. After a minimum two-week period post-implantation, participants are randomly assigned to either active VNS treatment or no stimulation control, with outcomes observed for 12 months. Following this randomized phase, all participants enter an open-label extension where those in the control group receive active stimulation. Additional subjects may join this open-label study for up to five years to further assess long-term effects. Throughout the study, participants undergo regular assessments including the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), WHO Disability Assessment Schedule, Health Outcome Scale, Clinical Global Impressions Scale, and Suicidality Tracking Scale. Researchers monitor response rates, remission times, duration of effects, and adverse events from implantation through 12 months. This comprehensive evaluation includes safety monitoring and functional outcome measures to understand the impact of VNS therapy on depression and related disabilities.

Migraine is a common neurological disorder causing moderate to severe headaches, often with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. It is especially disabling in children and adolescents. This trial evaluates the safety and effectiveness of ubrogepant, a drug approved for adults, for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years. The study is a Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants aged 6 to 11 years in a pharmacokinetic (PK) cohort will receive one of two doses of ubrogepant to determine the best dose for the main study. In the main study, children and adolescents will be randomized to receive either a low or high dose of ubrogepant or a placebo, with a one in three chance of receiving placebo. The study treatment is given as oral tablets during qualifying migraine attacks, with an option for a second dose or rescue medication at least 2 hours after the initial dose if the headache remains moderate or severe. Approximately 1059 participants will be enrolled across about 120 sites in the United States. Participants will attend regular hospital or clinic visits throughout the study, which lasts up to 6 months. Researchers will monitor the effects of the treatment through medical assessments, blood tests, side effect checks, and questionnaires. The primary outcome is the percentage of participants aged 6 to 17 years who experience freedom from pain 2 hours after the initial dose. The study includes safety monitoring and evaluates tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ubrogepant in this age group.