Effects of Probiotic and Vitamin B12 Supplements on Oral Microbiome and Periodontal Health During Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Adults with Stage III or IV Periodontitis

What this Trial Is About

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease caused by an imbalance in the oral biofilm and an abnormal immune response. Researchers are evaluating whether adding oral supplements containing a probiotic called Limosilactobacillus reuteri alone or combined with vitamin B12 can change the composition of the oral microbiome during standard non-surgical periodontal therapy NSPT and follow-up care. This single-center, randomized pilot study aims to generate initial data on these effects compared to standard care alone for adults with Stage III or IV periodontitis. Participants will receive routine guideline-based NSPT including mechanical cleaning and oral hygiene instructions, followed by supportive periodontal therapy SPT. They will be randomly assigned to one of three groups standard therapy without supplements, therapy plus probiotic lozenges for 3 months, or therapy plus probiotic lozenges and vitamin B12 drops for 3 months. No placebo is used, and supplements are given according to manufacturer instructions alongside standard care. During the study, participants will undergo clinical assessments, questionnaires, and collection of saliva and dental plaque samples at baseline, during NSPT visits, and at follow-ups around 3, 6, and 12 months. Researchers will analyze changes in the oral microbiome using advanced DNA sequencing techniques, as well as clinical periodontal health measures such as probing depth and bleeding. Participants will be monitored for any adverse effects related to supplements, and data will be collected to support future research and potential improvements in periodontal care.

Microbiological and Clinical Effects of Pre- and Probiotics in Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy