1. Patient Participants

1. Singapore resident aged 21years and above,
2. patient able to identify one main caregiver in the care and medical decision-making for the patient;
3. patient able to communicate in either English, Chinese, Malay or Tamil;
4. patient meeting one of the following illness criteria: 4a. Patients with brain tumours: histological and/or radiological diagnosis of glioma or brain metastases.

4b. Patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH) based on radiological diagnosis of SICH on baseline computed-tomographic scans.

4c. Patients with CKD Stage 4 and 5, identified at G4 or G5 of CKD, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 30 ml/min or less, inclusive of kidney failure on kidney replacement therapy; and (5) Physicians assessment that ACP is appropriate for the patient by physicians.* (*) The attending clinicians may base the assessment of ACP appropriateness on several factors in addition to high mortality risk. As a baseline, clinicians are asked to base their assessment of high mortality risk using the validated "Surprise" question.

2. Patient participants

1. Patients unable to identify a caregiver who is a medical decision-maker,
2. Patients are currently or was previously healthcare workers; or
3. Patients are diagnosed with dementia or deemed cognitively impaired as determined by the Abbreviated Mental Test.

3. Caregiver Participants Inclusion Criteria:

1. caregivers are identified as a medical decision-maker for the patient
2. Singapore resident aged 21 years and above; and
3. able to communicate in English

4. Caregiver Participants