OKT-3/cyclophosphamide up-regulation of peripheral blood killer-lymphocyte subsets in human cancer patients.
C Wiseman, Y Hood, C Presant...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1832869/Actively Recruiting
Led by BriaCell Therapeutics Corporation · Updated on 2024-08-26
18
Participants Needed
1
Research Sites
26 weeks
Total Duration
Researchers are investigating the safety and effects of a new cellular immunotherapy called BRIA-OTS for patients with metastatic recurrent breast cancer. This open-label Phase 12a study first tests increasing doses of the BC1 cell line alone in a few patients to assess safety. Once safety is established, the study evaluates the combination of BC1 with the Bria-OTS regimen and an FDA-approved checkpoint inhibitor CPI to explore potential benefits in this patient group. In the initial monotherapy phase, patients receive intradermal doses of BC1 every two weeks for six weeks, with dose escalation among the first three patients if tolerated. After confirming safety, participants receive the Bria-OTS regimen every three weeks, which includes BC1 cell inoculation combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide given 2-3 days prior, peginterferon alpha-2a on the day of inoculation, and the CPI administered according to approved dosing. Phase 2 expands enrollment to assess this combination in more patients. Participants undergo imaging at screening, after the monotherapy phase, and regularly during treatment to monitor tumor response. They may continue treatment if clinical benefit is observed. Safety is closely monitored throughout, including adverse events, laboratory tests, and physical exams. Follow-up includes phone or medical record reviews every three months for up to two years to assess survival and disease progression. Total participation time is approximately 16 weeks for primary outcomes, with extended follow-up for long-term results.
CONDITIONS
A Study of BRIA-OTS Cellular Immunotherapy in Metastatic Recurrent Breast Cancer
T
Tamar Aghajanian, PharmD
B
Blaise Bayer, MD
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BriaCell Therapeutics Corporation
Lead Sponsor
This table compares participation in this trial with other options available for this condition. The information is drawn from published research and the trial’s study details and is provided for educational purposes only.
| Factors | BRIA-OTS regimen (cellular immunotherapy + checkpoint inhibitor) | Current guideline-directed therapies (chemotherapy, endocrine, HER2-targeted, selected by subtype) |
|---|---|---|
| What is it? | Experimental treatment combining a GM-CSF-secreting allogeneic breast cancer cell line (BC1), low-dose cyclophosphamide, peginterferon alpha-2a, and tislelizumab immunotherapy. Designed to stimulate immune response against tumor antigens in adult patients with metastatic breast cancer after failed prior standard therapies. | Current therapies for metastatic breast cancer include sequential lines of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and anti-HER2 agents, chosen according to tumor subtype and previous response. Guideline recommendations cover tailored treatment using combinations or monotherapies after exhaustion of earlier lines. |
| Role in the trial | All participants in the study receive the BRIA-OTS regimen in sequential dose/combination cohorts, as no internal comparator arm exists. | Not a trial control arm; shown here for context as the real-world standard options for similar eligible patients outside this study. |
| Primary use | Investigational; aims to induce tumor-specific immune response and potential anti-tumor activity in advanced breast cancer not responding to approved therapies. | Guideline-directed therapies are used to control disease progression, relieve symptoms, extend survival, and maintain quality of life in patients with metastatic breast cancer. |
| How it is given or performed | BC1 cell line is given intradermally at multiple sites; low-dose cyclophosphamide is administered before BC1 inoculation to reduce immune suppression; peginterferon alpha-2a and tislelizumab are given on the same day as cells to enhance immune activation. Conducted in sequential trial phases. | Standard therapies include intravenous, oral, or subcutaneous administration of chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and hormone agents. Sequence and delivery depend on prior treatments, patient profile, and tumor subtype. |
| Evidence status | Early-phase clinical evidence for GM-CSF-secreting breast cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint combinations exists, but definitive efficacy, patient outcomes, and published results for the BRIA-OTS regimen are not yet established. | Multiple randomized trials and real-world studies confirm disease control, improved survival, and quality of life benefit for guideline-directed therapies in metastatic breast cancer. Effectiveness varies with subtype and prior treatment history. |
| Important limitations | As an early-phase investigational regimen, safety and efficacy are not yet established, and dosing as well as combination strategies remain under study. Uncertainties exist about immune response strength and durability, as well as potential for additive or unexpected toxicities from combining cell line, peginterferon, cyclophosphamide, and checkpoint inhibitors. | Despite effectiveness, progression after multiple lines is expected and toxicities—including fatigue, neutropenia, and other drug-specific effects—may limit ongoing therapy. Response rates and survival vary substantially with disease subtype and resistance patterns. |
Disclaimer: This comparison is created with the help of artificial intelligence(AI) and may contain errors or missing information. It is not medical advice and does not mean one option is better or safer than another. Clinical trials are still being studied, and joining a trial is your choice. Please consult your healthcare professional before making any decisions.
You may qualify if you...
You will not qualify if you...
Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
1 visit (in-person)
Duration - 6 weeks
Participants receive intradermal injections of the BC1 cell line every 2 weeks for a total of 4 doses to assess safety and dose tolerance.
4 visits every 2 weeks (in-person)
Duration - At least 6 weeks (2 cycles), continuing as per clinical benefit
Participants receive the Bria-OTS regimen, which includes pretreatment with low dose cyclophosphamide 2-3 days prior to BC1 cell inoculation, peginterferon alpha-2a, and a checkpoint inhibitor (tislelizumab) on the day of cell inoculation. Treatment is given every 3 weeks.
Visits every 3 weeks (in-person)
Duration - Variable, based on treatment response
Participants receive the Bria-OTS regimen combined with CPI (tislelizumab) every 3 weeks in an expanded group of up to 12 subjects after safety is established in earlier phases.
Visits every 3 weeks (in-person)
Duration - Up to 2 years
Participants are followed for progression-free survival and overall survival by phone or medical record review every 3 months for up to 2 years after treatment ends.
Quarterly follow-up contacts by phone or record review
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Masking
NONE
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Model
SEQUENTIAL
Primary Purpose
TREATMENT
Number of Arms
3
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3697996/BriaCell Therapeutics Corporation
Lead Sponsor