What Are Baskets, Umbrellas, and Platforms Doing in Nephrology Clinical Trials?
Julie Lin, Jai Radhakrishnan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39899371/Actively Recruiting
Led by Sanofi · Updated on 2026-07-20
84
Participants Needed
71
Research Sites
60 weeks
Total Duration
Researchers are evaluating the effects of three drugsfrexalimab, brivekimig, and rilzabrutinibcompared with a placebo in people aged 16 to 75 years who have primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis FSGS or minimal change disease MCD. This Phase 2a, double-blind study aims to measure changes in proteinuria and how these changes impact remission rates of nephrotic syndrome in this population. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of six groups receiving either active doses of frexalimab, brivekimig, rilzabrutinib, or a matching placebo. The treatment period lasts 24 weeks within an overall study duration of up to 52 weeks. During this time, participants will attend up to 16 visits for treatment administration and monitoring. Throughout the study, participants will undergo regular assessments including measurement of urine protein to creatinine ratio UPCR at baseline and Week 12, evaluation of remission endpoints, and monitoring for adverse events up to Week 48. Blood samples will be taken to measure drug concentrations and check for anti-drug antibodies. The study involves careful safety monitoring and follow-up visits to assess treatment effects and participant well-being.
CONDITIONS
A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Frexalimab, Brivekimig, or Rilzabrutinib in Participants Aged 16 to 75 Years With Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis or Minimal Change Disease
T
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Sanofi
Lead Sponsor
This table compares participation in this trial with other options available for this condition. The information is drawn from published research and the trial’s study details and is provided for educational purposes only.
| Factors | Frexalimab | Brivekimig | Rilzabrutinib | Placebo | High‑dose corticosteroids ± calcineurin inhibitors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What it is | An investigational monoclonal antibody being evaluated for treatment of primary FSGS or MCD | An investigational monoclonal antibody being evaluated for treatment of primary FSGS or MCD | An investigational small‑molecule agent being evaluated for treatment of primary FSGS or MCD | Placebo control arm used for comparison in the randomized trial | High‑dose corticosteroids are the current first‑line immunosuppressive therapy for primary FSGS, with calcineurin inhibitors used if steroids are contraindicated or not tolerated |
| Role in trial | One of three active investigational treatment arms | One of three active investigational treatment arms | One of three active investigational treatment arms | Control arm receiving placebo | Not randomized in this trial but reflects typical immunosuppression used in practice |
| Primary use | Evaluated for reducing proteinuria in FSGS or MCD | Evaluated for reducing proteinuria in FSGS or MCD | Evaluated for reducing proteinuria in FSGS or MCD | Comparator to evaluate investigational drugs’ effect on proteinuria | Used in clinical practice to lower proteinuria and achieve remission in primary FSGS or MCD |
| How it is given or performed | Administered per trial protocol (details not specified in registry) | Administered per trial protocol (details not specified in registry) | Administered per trial protocol (details not specified in registry) | Administered per trial protocol alongside investigational drugs | High‑dose oral steroids daily; calcineurin inhibitors taken orally if steroids are unsuitable |
| Evidence status | Efficacy under investigation; trial is ongoing, no results available | Efficacy under investigation; trial is ongoing, no results available | Efficacy under investigation; trial is ongoing, no results available | No therapeutic effect expected; serves as comparator | Known to induce remission or reduce proteinuria in many patients with primary FSGS or MCD |
| Important risks | Not yet established; safety profile under study | Not yet established; safety profile under study | Not yet established; safety profile under study | Not expected to cause harm; no active drug administered | Known risks include steroid‑associated effects and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity |
| Important limitations | No published efficacy or safety results yet; role compared to immunosuppression unknown | No published efficacy or safety results yet; role compared to immunosuppression unknown | No published efficacy or safety results yet; role compared to immunosuppression unknown | Placebo does not reflect active treatment; results only interpret relative difference | Immunosuppressive therapy can cause significant side effects and not all patients respond |
| Patient impact | Not yet known; investigational | Not yet known; investigational | Not yet known; investigational | No expected benefit | Often improves symptoms by reducing proteinuria and may induce remission |
Disclaimer: This comparison is created with the help of artificial intelligence(AI) and may contain errors or missing information. It is not medical advice and does not mean one option is better or safer than another. Clinical trials are still being studied, and joining a trial is your choice. Please consult your healthcare professional before making any decisions.
You may qualify if you...
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Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
Duration - 24 weeks
Participants receive one of the study drugs or placebo during the treatment period.
Up to 16 visits
Duration - Up to 28 weeks
Participants are monitored for safety and treatment effects after the treatment period.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Model
PARALLEL
Primary Purpose
TREATMENT
Number of Arms
4
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Julie Lin, Jai Radhakrishnan
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39899371/Sanofi
Lead Sponsor