Multicentric Phase II-III Study Evaluating Personalized Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma After Favorable Response to Induction Chemotherapy
Led by Institut du Cancer de Montpellier - Val d'Aurelle · Updated on 2026-02-05
1075
Participants Needed
30
Research Sites
N/A
Total Duration
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What this Trial Is About
Researchers are studying locally advanced rectal carcinoma, a type of rectal cancer that poses challenges in controlling the disease and managing treatment side effects. Surgery alone cures only about half the patients, while radiochemotherapy improves local control but still leaves a 30% risk of metastasis and increased postoperative issues. This trial aims to personalize treatment based on the tumor's early response to induction chemotherapy, measured by MRI volume changes, to better tailor therapy for good and poor responders.
The trial includes an induction chemotherapy phase using a modified FOLFIRINOX regimen delivered every 15 days for six cycles. Early tumor response is evaluated by MRI two weeks after chemotherapy completion. Patients classified as "very good" responders will be randomly assigned to one of two study groups: one undergoing immediate proctectomy surgery within 4 to 6 weeks, and the other receiving radiochemotherapy with capecitabine combined with radiotherapy over 5 weeks followed by surgery after 7 weeks. The proctectomy can be performed via laparoscopic or conventional surgery.
Participants will undergo assessments including MRI scans, pathology analysis after surgery, and quality of life questionnaires over one year. Researchers will monitor surgical outcomes, disease-free survival at 3 years, local and distant recurrence rates, adverse events, and functional outcomes such as urinary and sexual function. The study plans to recruit approximately 430 patients to evaluate both surgical quality and long-term effectiveness of this personalized treatment approach.
CONDITIONS
Brief Title
Study Evaluating the Tailored Management of Locally-advanced Rectal Carcinoma
Who Can Participate
Age: 18Years +
All Genders
Eligibility Criteria
You may qualify if you...
Signed written consent to participate in the study
Patient who has received FOLFIRINOX induction chemotherapy
Age 18 years or older
World Health Organization (WHO) performance status 0 or 1
Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the rectum
Tumor located 1 to 12 cm from the upper part of the levator ani muscle
No clear evidence of metastatic disease on CT scan
MRI shows predictive circumferential resection margin less than 2 mm, or T3c-d tumor with extra mural venous invasion, or T4a-b tumor (excluding bone and sphincter invasion)
Suitable general condition for radical pelvic surgery and systemic therapy with capecitabine
Adequate blood counts and liver, kidney, and electrolyte function within 7 days prior to treatment
For women of reproductive potential, negative pregnancy test within 7 days before treatment
Agreement to use effective contraception during study and for 6 months after
Affiliation to the French Social Security System
Willing and able to comply with treatment and follow-up schedules
You will not qualify if you...
Non-measurable rectal tumor or tumor not assessed by MRI before inclusion
Active cardiac disease including congestive heart failure NYHA class 2 or higher, unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction within 6 months, or arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy
Previous or concurrent cancer within 5 years except certain treated cancers
Thrombotic or embolic events within 6 months prior to treatment
History of pelvic radiotherapy
Contraindication to chemotherapy or radiotherapy
Complete or partial Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency
Infection that could interfere with treatment
Serious concomitant diseases interfering with participation or safety
History of inflammatory bowel disease
History of pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial pneumonia
Use of antivitamin K drugs unless replaced by low molecular weight heparins before chemotherapy
Known hypersensitivity to capecitabine or study drugs
Live attenuated vaccine within 10 days before inclusion
Pregnant or breastfeeding women
Participation in another investigational drug study within last 30 days
Under legal guardianship or unable to comply with study monitoring due to social, psychological, or geographic reasons
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Your Study Journey
Screening
Duration - 2 to 4 weeks
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial.
1 visit (in-person)
Induction Chemotherapy
Duration - Approximately 3 months
Participants receive induction chemotherapy with a modified FOLFIRINOX regimen consisting of 6 cycles administered every 15 days to treat locally advanced rectal carcinoma.
6 treatment visits every 15 days
Early Tumor Response Evaluation
Duration - 1 day
Two weeks after completion of induction chemotherapy, participants undergo MRI volumetry to evaluate early tumor response.
1 visit (in-person)
Treatment Assignment and Intervention
Duration - Up to 12 weeks depending on assigned treatment
Based on tumor response, participants are randomized to one of two treatment options: immediate rectal surgery or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery.
1 to 6 visits depending on treatment arm
Immediate Rectal Surgery
Duration - 1 day for surgery plus recovery period
Participants classified as very good responders undergo radical proctectomy with total mesorectal excision within 4 to 6 weeks after randomization.
1 surgical visit plus follow-up visits
Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery
Duration - Approximately 12 weeks including radiotherapy and surgery
Participants receive radiochemotherapy with oral capecitabine and radiotherapy for 5 weeks, followed by radical proctectomy approximately 7 weeks later.
Weekly visits during radiotherapy and 1 surgical visit plus follow-up
Post-Treatment Follow-up
Duration - Up to 5 years
Participants are monitored for up to 5 years to assess disease-free survival, overall survival, quality of life, and any late effects of treatment.
Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 randomized phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years.
Oxaliplatin added to fluorouracil-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy of locally advanced rectal cancer (the German CAO/ARO/AIO-04 study): final results of the multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.
Bowel function 14 years after preoperative short-course radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: report of a multicenter randomized trial.
Tina Yen-Ting Chen, Lisette M Wiltink, Remi A Nout...
Tailored Treatment Strategy for Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma Based on the Tumor Response to Induction Chemotherapy: Preliminary Results of the French Phase II Multicenter GRECCAR4 Trial.
Tumor volume changes assessed by three-dimensional magnetic resonance volumetry in rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiation: the impact of the volume reduction ratio on the prediction of pathologic complete response.