Gut Microbiota Diversity in Children Ages 1 to 3 Years with Grade 3 or Higher Vesicoureteral Reflux on Long-Term Antibiotic Prophylaxis Compared to Two Age-Matched Groups

What this Trial Is About

Researchers are studying how long-term use of the antibiotic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole affects the gut microbiota diversity in children aged 1 to 3 years with vesicoureteral reflux grade 3 or higher. This study compares children receiving this antibiotic prophylaxis with two control groups children with uropathy not on antibiotic prophylaxis and healthy children without uropathy. The research aims to understand the relationship between antibiotic use, gut microbiota changes, and risks such as antibiotic resistance and immune system effects. Participants are divided into three groups children with grade 3 or higher vesicoureteral reflux on long-term trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment for at least five months, children with uropathy but not on long-term antibiotics, and healthy children without uropathy or antibiotic treatment. Stool samples are collected at home 24 hours before a hospital visit to analyze the gut microbiota. This observational study does not involve any drug administration or intervention beyond sample collection. During the study, parents collect stool samples from their children to assess the variety and composition of gut bacteria, including the presence of multi-resistant bacteria. Researchers will evaluate the gut microbiota diversity alpha- and beta-diversity and the number of bacterial genera at the start of the study. The study helps to monitor how long-term antibiotic use may disrupt gut bacteria and potentially influence health conditions related to immune function. Participation lasts through the sample collection and hospital visit, with no further treatment or follow-up required.

Study of Gut Microbiota Diversity in Children Aged 1-3 Years on Prolonged Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Grade 3 or Higher Vesicoureteral Reflux Compared With 2 Age-matched Control Groups